Merge commit '147125babfc18abf586237344d6dab5a4bd1e79f' as 'libs/cli11'

libs/cli11/include/CLI/CLI.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017-2022, University of Cincinnati, developed by Henry Schreiner
+// under NSF AWARD 1414736 and by the respective contributors.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+#pragma once
+
+// CLI Library includes
+// Order is important for combiner script
+
+#include "Version.hpp"
+
+#include "Macros.hpp"
+
+#include "StringTools.hpp"
+
+#include "Error.hpp"
+
+#include "TypeTools.hpp"
+
+#include "Split.hpp"
+
+#include "ConfigFwd.hpp"
+
+#include "Validators.hpp"
+
+#include "FormatterFwd.hpp"
+
+#include "Option.hpp"
+
+#include "App.hpp"
+
+#include "Config.hpp"
+
+#include "Formatter.hpp"

libs/cli11/include/CLI/Config.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017-2022, University of Cincinnati, developed by Henry Schreiner
+// under NSF AWARD 1414736 and by the respective contributors.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+#pragma once
+
+// [CLI11:public_includes:set]
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+// [CLI11:public_includes:set]
+
+#include "App.hpp"
+#include "ConfigFwd.hpp"
+#include "StringTools.hpp"
+
+namespace CLI {
+// [CLI11:config_hpp:verbatim]
+namespace detail {
+
+std::string convert_arg_for_ini(const std::string &arg, char stringQuote = '"', char characterQuote = '\'');
+
+/// Comma separated join, adds quotes if needed
+std::string ini_join(const std::vector<std::string> &args,
+                     char sepChar = ',',
+                     char arrayStart = '[',
+                     char arrayEnd = ']',
+                     char stringQuote = '"',
+                     char characterQuote = '\'');
+
+std::vector<std::string> generate_parents(const std::string &section, std::string &name, char parentSeparator);
+
+/// assuming non default segments do a check on the close and open of the segments in a configItem structure
+void checkParentSegments(std::vector<ConfigItem> &output, const std::string &currentSection, char parentSeparator);
+}  // namespace detail
+
+// [CLI11:config_hpp:end]
+}  // namespace CLI
+
+#ifndef CLI11_COMPILE
+#include "impl/Config_inl.hpp"
+#endif

libs/cli11/include/CLI/ConfigFwd.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017-2022, University of Cincinnati, developed by Henry Schreiner
+// under NSF AWARD 1414736 and by the respective contributors.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+#pragma once
+
+// [CLI11:public_includes:set]
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+// [CLI11:public_includes:end]
+
+#include "Error.hpp"
+#include "StringTools.hpp"
+
+namespace CLI {
+// [CLI11:config_fwd_hpp:verbatim]
+
+class App;
+
+/// Holds values to load into Options
+struct ConfigItem {
+    /// This is the list of parents
+    std::vector<std::string> parents{};
+
+    /// This is the name
+    std::string name{};
+
+    /// Listing of inputs
+    std::vector<std::string> inputs{};
+
+    /// The list of parents and name joined by "."
+    CLI11_NODISCARD std::string fullname() const {
+        std::vector<std::string> tmp = parents;
+        tmp.emplace_back(name);
+        return detail::join(tmp, ".");
+    }
+};
+
+/// This class provides a converter for configuration files.
+class Config {
+  protected:
+    std::vector<ConfigItem> items{};
+
+  public:
+    /// Convert an app into a configuration
+    virtual std::string to_config(const App *, bool, bool, std::string) const = 0;
+
+    /// Convert a configuration into an app
+    virtual std::vector<ConfigItem> from_config(std::istream &) const = 0;
+
+    /// Get a flag value
+    CLI11_NODISCARD virtual std::string to_flag(const ConfigItem &item) const {
+        if(item.inputs.size() == 1) {
+            return item.inputs.at(0);
+        }
+        if(item.inputs.empty()) {
+            return "{}";
+        }
+        throw ConversionError::TooManyInputsFlag(item.fullname());
+    }
+
+    /// Parse a config file, throw an error (ParseError:ConfigParseError or FileError) on failure
+    CLI11_NODISCARD std::vector<ConfigItem> from_file(const std::string &name) const {
+        std::ifstream input{name};
+        if(!input.good())
+            throw FileError::Missing(name);
+
+        return from_config(input);
+    }
+
+    /// Virtual destructor
+    virtual ~Config() = default;
+};
+
+/// This converter works with INI/TOML files; to write INI files use ConfigINI
+class ConfigBase : public Config {
+  protected:
+    /// the character used for comments
+    char commentChar = '#';
+    /// the character used to start an array '\0' is a default to not use
+    char arrayStart = '[';
+    /// the character used to end an array '\0' is a default to not use
+    char arrayEnd = ']';
+    /// the character used to separate elements in an array
+    char arraySeparator = ',';
+    /// the character used separate the name from the value
+    char valueDelimiter = '=';
+    /// the character to use around strings
+    char stringQuote = '"';
+    /// the character to use around single characters
+    char characterQuote = '\'';
+    /// the maximum number of layers to allow
+    uint8_t maximumLayers{255};
+    /// the separator used to separator parent layers
+    char parentSeparatorChar{'.'};
+    /// Specify the configuration index to use for arrayed sections
+    int16_t configIndex{-1};
+    /// Specify the configuration section that should be used
+    std::string configSection{};
+
+  public:
+    std::string
+    to_config(const App * /*app*/, bool default_also, bool write_description, std::string prefix) const override;
+
+    std::vector<ConfigItem> from_config(std::istream &input) const override;
+    /// Specify the configuration for comment characters
+    ConfigBase *comment(char cchar) {
+        commentChar = cchar;
+        return this;
+    }
+    /// Specify the start and end characters for an array
+    ConfigBase *arrayBounds(char aStart, char aEnd) {
+        arrayStart = aStart;
+        arrayEnd = aEnd;
+        return this;
+    }
+    /// Specify the delimiter character for an array
+    ConfigBase *arrayDelimiter(char aSep) {
+        arraySeparator = aSep;
+        return this;
+    }
+    /// Specify the delimiter between a name and value
+    ConfigBase *valueSeparator(char vSep) {
+        valueDelimiter = vSep;
+        return this;
+    }
+    /// Specify the quote characters used around strings and characters
+    ConfigBase *quoteCharacter(char qString, char qChar) {
+        stringQuote = qString;
+        characterQuote = qChar;
+        return this;
+    }
+    /// Specify the maximum number of parents
+    ConfigBase *maxLayers(uint8_t layers) {
+        maximumLayers = layers;
+        return this;
+    }
+    /// Specify the separator to use for parent layers
+    ConfigBase *parentSeparator(char sep) {
+        parentSeparatorChar = sep;
+        return this;
+    }
+    /// get a reference to the configuration section
+    std::string &sectionRef() { return configSection; }
+    /// get the section
+    CLI11_NODISCARD const std::string &section() const { return configSection; }
+    /// specify a particular section of the configuration file to use
+    ConfigBase *section(const std::string &sectionName) {
+        configSection = sectionName;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /// get a reference to the configuration index
+    int16_t &indexRef() { return configIndex; }
+    /// get the section index
+    CLI11_NODISCARD int16_t index() const { return configIndex; }
+    /// specify a particular index in the section to use (-1) for all sections to use
+    ConfigBase *index(int16_t sectionIndex) {
+        configIndex = sectionIndex;
+        return this;
+    }
+};
+
+/// the default Config is the TOML file format
+using ConfigTOML = ConfigBase;
+
+/// ConfigINI generates a "standard" INI compliant output
+class ConfigINI : public ConfigTOML {
+
+  public:
+    ConfigINI() {
+        commentChar = ';';
+        arrayStart = '\0';
+        arrayEnd = '\0';
+        arraySeparator = ' ';
+        valueDelimiter = '=';
+    }
+};
+// [CLI11:config_fwd_hpp:end]
+}  // namespace CLI

libs/cli11/include/CLI/Error.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017-2022, University of Cincinnati, developed by Henry Schreiner
+// under NSF AWARD 1414736 and by the respective contributors.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+#pragma once
+
+// [CLI11:public_includes:set]
+#include <exception>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+// [CLI11:public_includes:end]
+
+// CLI library includes
+#include "Macros.hpp"
+#include "StringTools.hpp"
+
+namespace CLI {
+// [CLI11:error_hpp:verbatim]
+
+// Use one of these on all error classes.
+// These are temporary and are undef'd at the end of this file.
+#define CLI11_ERROR_DEF(parent, name)                                                                                  \
+  protected:                                                                                                           \
+    name(std::string ename, std::string msg, int exit_code) : parent(std::move(ename), std::move(msg), exit_code) {}   \
+    name(std::string ename, std::string msg, ExitCodes exit_code)                                                      \
+        : parent(std::move(ename), std::move(msg), exit_code) {}                                                       \
+                                                                                                                       \
+  public:                                                                                                              \
+    name(std::string msg, ExitCodes exit_code) : parent(#name, std::move(msg), exit_code) {}                           \
+    name(std::string msg, int exit_code) : parent(#name, std::move(msg), exit_code) {}
+
+// This is added after the one above if a class is used directly and builds its own message
+#define CLI11_ERROR_SIMPLE(name)                                                                                       \
+    explicit name(std::string msg) : name(#name, msg, ExitCodes::name) {}
+
+/// These codes are part of every error in CLI. They can be obtained from e using e.exit_code or as a quick shortcut,
+/// int values from e.get_error_code().
+enum class ExitCodes {
+    Success = 0,
+    IncorrectConstruction = 100,
+    BadNameString,
+    OptionAlreadyAdded,
+    FileError,
+    ConversionError,
+    ValidationError,
+    RequiredError,
+    RequiresError,
+    ExcludesError,
+    ExtrasError,
+    ConfigError,
+    InvalidError,
+    HorribleError,
+    OptionNotFound,
+    ArgumentMismatch,
+    BaseClass = 127
+};
+
+// Error definitions
+
+/// @defgroup error_group Errors
+/// @brief Errors thrown by CLI11
+///
+/// These are the errors that can be thrown. Some of them, like CLI::Success, are not really errors.
+/// @{
+
+/// All errors derive from this one
+class Error : public std::runtime_error {
+    int actual_exit_code;
+    std::string error_name{"Error"};
+
+  public:
+    CLI11_NODISCARD int get_exit_code() const { return actual_exit_code; }
+
+    CLI11_NODISCARD std::string get_name() const { return error_name; }
+
+    Error(std::string name, std::string msg, int exit_code = static_cast<int>(ExitCodes::BaseClass))
+        : runtime_error(msg), actual_exit_code(exit_code), error_name(std::move(name)) {}
+
+    Error(std::string name, std::string msg, ExitCodes exit_code) : Error(name, msg, static_cast<int>(exit_code)) {}
+};
+
+// Note: Using Error::Error constructors does not work on GCC 4.7
+
+/// Construction errors (not in parsing)
+class ConstructionError : public Error {
+    CLI11_ERROR_DEF(Error, ConstructionError)
+};
+
+/// Thrown when an option is set to conflicting values (non-vector and multi args, for example)
+class IncorrectConstruction : public ConstructionError {
+    CLI11_ERROR_DEF(ConstructionError, IncorrectConstruction)
+    CLI11_ERROR_SIMPLE(IncorrectConstruction)
+    static IncorrectConstruction PositionalFlag(std::string name) {
+        return IncorrectConstruction(name + ": Flags cannot be positional");
+    }
+    static IncorrectConstruction Set0Opt(std::string name) {
+        return IncorrectConstruction(name + ": Cannot set 0 expected, use a flag instead");
+    }
+    static IncorrectConstruction SetFlag(std::string name) {
+        return IncorrectConstruction(name + ": Cannot set an expected number for flags");
+    }
+    static IncorrectConstruction ChangeNotVector(std::string name) {
+        return IncorrectConstruction(name + ": You can only change the expected arguments for vectors");
+    }
+    static IncorrectConstruction AfterMultiOpt(std::string name) {
+        return IncorrectConstruction(
+            name + ": You can't change expected arguments after you've changed the multi option policy!");
+    }
+    static IncorrectConstruction MissingOption(std::string name) {
+        return IncorrectConstruction("Option " + name + " is not defined");
+    }
+    static IncorrectConstruction MultiOptionPolicy(std::string name) {
+        return IncorrectConstruction(name + ": multi_option_policy only works for flags and exact value options");
+    }
+};
+
+/// Thrown on construction of a bad name
+class BadNameString : public ConstructionError {
+    CLI11_ERROR_DEF(ConstructionError, BadNameString)
+    CLI11_ERROR_SIMPLE(BadNameString)
+    static BadNameString OneCharName(std::string name) { return BadNameString("Invalid one char name: " + name); }
+    static BadNameString BadLongName(std::string name) { return BadNameString("Bad long name: " + name); }
+    static BadNameString DashesOnly(std::string name) {
+        return BadNameString("Must have a name, not just dashes: " + name);
+    }
+    static BadNameString MultiPositionalNames(std::string name) {
+        return BadNameString("Only one positional name allowed, remove: " + name);
+    }
+};
+
+/// Thrown when an option already exists
+class OptionAlreadyAdded : public ConstructionError {
+    CLI11_ERROR_DEF(ConstructionError, OptionAlreadyAdded)
+    explicit OptionAlreadyAdded(std::string name)
+        : OptionAlreadyAdded(name + " is already added", ExitCodes::OptionAlreadyAdded) {}
+    static OptionAlreadyAdded Requires(std::string name, std::string other) {
+        return {name + " requires " + other, ExitCodes::OptionAlreadyAdded};
+    }
+    static OptionAlreadyAdded Excludes(std::string name, std::string other) {
+        return {name + " excludes " + other, ExitCodes::OptionAlreadyAdded};
+    }
+};
+
+// Parsing errors
+
+/// Anything that can error in Parse
+class ParseError : public Error {
+    CLI11_ERROR_DEF(Error, ParseError)
+};
+
+// Not really "errors"
+
+/// This is a successful completion on parsing, supposed to exit
+class Success : public ParseError {
+    CLI11_ERROR_DEF(ParseError, Success)
+    Success() : Success("Successfully completed, should be caught and quit", ExitCodes::Success) {}
+};
+
+/// -h or --help on command line
+class CallForHelp : public Success {
+    CLI11_ERROR_DEF(Success, CallForHelp)
+    CallForHelp() : CallForHelp("This should be caught in your main function, see examples", ExitCodes::Success) {}
+};
+
+/// Usually something like --help-all on command line
+class CallForAllHelp : public Success {
+    CLI11_ERROR_DEF(Success, CallForAllHelp)
+    CallForAllHelp()
+        : CallForAllHelp("This should be caught in your main function, see examples", ExitCodes::Success) {}
+};
+
+/// -v or --version on command line
+class CallForVersion : public Success {
+    CLI11_ERROR_DEF(Success, CallForVersion)
+    CallForVersion()
+        : CallForVersion("This should be caught in your main function, see examples", ExitCodes::Success) {}
+};
+
+/// Does not output a diagnostic in CLI11_PARSE, but allows main() to return with a specific error code.
+class RuntimeError : public ParseError {
+    CLI11_ERROR_DEF(ParseError, RuntimeError)
+    explicit RuntimeError(int exit_code = 1) : RuntimeError("Runtime error", exit_code) {}
+};
+
+/// Thrown when parsing an INI file and it is missing
+class FileError : public ParseError {
+    CLI11_ERROR_DEF(ParseError, FileError)
+    CLI11_ERROR_SIMPLE(FileError)
+    static FileError Missing(std::string name) { return FileError(name + " was not readable (missing?)"); }
+};
+
+/// Thrown when conversion call back fails, such as when an int fails to coerce to a string
+class ConversionError : public ParseError {
+    CLI11_ERROR_DEF(ParseError, ConversionError)
+    CLI11_ERROR_SIMPLE(ConversionError)
+    ConversionError(std::string member, std::string name)
+        : ConversionError("The value " + member + " is not an allowed value for " + name) {}
+    ConversionError(std::string name, std::vector<std::string> results)
+        : ConversionError("Could not convert: " + name + " = " + detail::join(results)) {}
+    static ConversionError TooManyInputsFlag(std::string name) {
+        return ConversionError(name + ": too many inputs for a flag");
+    }
+    static ConversionError TrueFalse(std::string name) {
+        return ConversionError(name + ": Should be true/false or a number");
+    }
+};
+
+/// Thrown when validation of results fails
+class ValidationError : public ParseError {
+    CLI11_ERROR_DEF(ParseError, ValidationError)
+    CLI11_ERROR_SIMPLE(ValidationError)
+    explicit ValidationError(std::string name, std::string msg) : ValidationError(name + ": " + msg) {}
+};
+
+/// Thrown when a required option is missing
+class RequiredError : public ParseError {
+    CLI11_ERROR_DEF(ParseError, RequiredError)
+    explicit RequiredError(std::string name) : RequiredError(name + " is required", ExitCodes::RequiredError) {}
+    static RequiredError Subcommand(std::size_t min_subcom) {
+        if(min_subcom == 1) {
+            return RequiredError("A subcommand");
+        }
+        return {"Requires at least " + std::to_string(min_subcom) + " subcommands", ExitCodes::RequiredError};
+    }
+    static RequiredError
+    Option(std::size_t min_option, std::size_t max_option, std::size_t used, const std::string &option_list) {
+        if((min_option == 1) && (max_option == 1) && (used == 0))
+            return RequiredError("Exactly 1 option from [" + option_list + "]");
+        if((min_option == 1) && (max_option == 1) && (used > 1)) {
+            return {"Exactly 1 option from [" + option_list + "] is required and " + std::to_string(used) +
+                        " were given",
+                    ExitCodes::RequiredError};
+        }
+        if((min_option == 1) && (used == 0))
+            return RequiredError("At least 1 option from [" + option_list + "]");
+        if(used < min_option) {
+            return {"Requires at least " + std::to_string(min_option) + " options used and only " +
+                        std::to_string(used) + "were given from [" + option_list + "]",
+                    ExitCodes::RequiredError};
+        }
+        if(max_option == 1)
+            return {"Requires at most 1 options be given from [" + option_list + "]", ExitCodes::RequiredError};
+
+        return {"Requires at most " + std::to_string(max_option) + " options be used and " + std::to_string(used) +
+                    "were given from [" + option_list + "]",
+                ExitCodes::RequiredError};
+    }
+};
+
+/// Thrown when the wrong number of arguments has been received
+class ArgumentMismatch : public ParseError {
+    CLI11_ERROR_DEF(ParseError, ArgumentMismatch)
+    CLI11_ERROR_SIMPLE(ArgumentMismatch)
+    ArgumentMismatch(std::string name, int expected, std::size_t received)
+        : ArgumentMismatch(expected > 0 ? ("Expected exactly " + std::to_string(expected) + " arguments to " + name +
+                                           ", got " + std::to_string(received))
+                                        : ("Expected at least " + std::to_string(-expected) + " arguments to " + name +
+                                           ", got " + std::to_string(received)),
+                           ExitCodes::ArgumentMismatch) {}
+
+    static ArgumentMismatch AtLeast(std::string name, int num, std::size_t received) {
+        return ArgumentMismatch(name + ": At least " + std::to_string(num) + " required but received " +
+                                std::to_string(received));
+    }
+    static ArgumentMismatch AtMost(std::string name, int num, std::size_t received) {
+        return ArgumentMismatch(name + ": At Most " + std::to_string(num) + " required but received " +
+                                std::to_string(received));
+    }
+    static ArgumentMismatch TypedAtLeast(std::string name, int num, std::string type) {
+        return ArgumentMismatch(name + ": " + std::to_string(num) + " required " + type + " missing");
+    }
+    static ArgumentMismatch FlagOverride(std::string name) {
+        return ArgumentMismatch(name + " was given a disallowed flag override");
+    }
+    static ArgumentMismatch PartialType(std::string name, int num, std::string type) {
+        return ArgumentMismatch(name + ": " + type + " only partially specified: " + std::to_string(num) +
+                                " required for each element");
+    }
+};
+
+/// Thrown when a requires option is missing
+class RequiresError : public ParseError {
+    CLI11_ERROR_DEF(ParseError, RequiresError)
+    RequiresError(std::string curname, std::string subname)
+        : RequiresError(curname + " requires " + subname, ExitCodes::RequiresError) {}
+};
+
+/// Thrown when an excludes option is present
+class ExcludesError : public ParseError {
+    CLI11_ERROR_DEF(ParseError, ExcludesError)
+    ExcludesError(std::string curname, std::string subname)
+        : ExcludesError(curname + " excludes " + subname, ExitCodes::ExcludesError) {}
+};
+
+/// Thrown when too many positionals or options are found
+class ExtrasError : public ParseError {
+    CLI11_ERROR_DEF(ParseError, ExtrasError)
+    explicit ExtrasError(std::vector<std::string> args)
+        : ExtrasError((args.size() > 1 ? "The following arguments were not expected: "
+                                       : "The following argument was not expected: ") +
+                          detail::rjoin(args, " "),
+                      ExitCodes::ExtrasError) {}
+    ExtrasError(const std::string &name, std::vector<std::string> args)
+        : ExtrasError(name,
+                      (args.size() > 1 ? "The following arguments were not expected: "
+                                       : "The following argument was not expected: ") +
+                          detail::rjoin(args, " "),
+                      ExitCodes::ExtrasError) {}
+};
+
+/// Thrown when extra values are found in an INI file
+class ConfigError : public ParseError {
+    CLI11_ERROR_DEF(ParseError, ConfigError)
+    CLI11_ERROR_SIMPLE(ConfigError)
+    static ConfigError Extras(std::string item) { return ConfigError("INI was not able to parse " + item); }
+    static ConfigError NotConfigurable(std::string item) {
+        return ConfigError(item + ": This option is not allowed in a configuration file");
+    }
+};
+
+/// Thrown when validation fails before parsing
+class InvalidError : public ParseError {
+    CLI11_ERROR_DEF(ParseError, InvalidError)
+    explicit InvalidError(std::string name)
+        : InvalidError(name + ": Too many positional arguments with unlimited expected args", ExitCodes::InvalidError) {
+    }
+};
+
+/// This is just a safety check to verify selection and parsing match - you should not ever see it
+/// Strings are directly added to this error, but again, it should never be seen.
+class HorribleError : public ParseError {
+    CLI11_ERROR_DEF(ParseError, HorribleError)
+    CLI11_ERROR_SIMPLE(HorribleError)
+};
+
+// After parsing
+
+/// Thrown when counting a non-existent option
+class OptionNotFound : public Error {
+    CLI11_ERROR_DEF(Error, OptionNotFound)
+    explicit OptionNotFound(std::string name) : OptionNotFound(name + " not found", ExitCodes::OptionNotFound) {}
+};
+
+#undef CLI11_ERROR_DEF
+#undef CLI11_ERROR_SIMPLE
+
+/// @}
+
+// [CLI11:error_hpp:end]
+}  // namespace CLI

libs/cli11/include/CLI/Formatter.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017-2022, University of Cincinnati, developed by Henry Schreiner
+// under NSF AWARD 1414736 and by the respective contributors.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+#pragma once
+
+// [CLI11:public_includes:set]
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+// [CLI11:public_includes:end]
+
+#include "App.hpp"
+#include "FormatterFwd.hpp"
+
+namespace CLI {
+// [CLI11:formatter_hpp:verbatim]
+// [CLI11:formatter_hpp:end]
+}  // namespace CLI
+
+#ifndef CLI11_COMPILE
+#include "impl/Formatter_inl.hpp"
+#endif

libs/cli11/include/CLI/FormatterFwd.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017-2022, University of Cincinnati, developed by Henry Schreiner
+// under NSF AWARD 1414736 and by the respective contributors.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+#pragma once
+
+// [CLI11:public_includes:set]
+#include <functional>
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+// [CLI11:public_includes:end]
+
+#include "StringTools.hpp"
+
+namespace CLI {
+// [CLI11:formatter_fwd_hpp:verbatim]
+
+class Option;
+class App;
+
+/// This enum signifies the type of help requested
+///
+/// This is passed in by App; all user classes must accept this as
+/// the second argument.
+
+enum class AppFormatMode {
+    Normal,  ///< The normal, detailed help
+    All,     ///< A fully expanded help
+    Sub,     ///< Used when printed as part of expanded subcommand
+};
+
+/// This is the minimum requirements to run a formatter.
+///
+/// A user can subclass this is if they do not care at all
+/// about the structure in CLI::Formatter.
+class FormatterBase {
+  protected:
+    /// @name Options
+    ///@{
+
+    /// The width of the first column
+    std::size_t column_width_{30};
+
+    /// @brief The required help printout labels (user changeable)
+    /// Values are Needs, Excludes, etc.
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> labels_{};
+
+    ///@}
+    /// @name Basic
+    ///@{
+
+  public:
+    FormatterBase() = default;
+    FormatterBase(const FormatterBase &) = default;
+    FormatterBase(FormatterBase &&) = default;
+
+    /// Adding a destructor in this form to work around bug in GCC 4.7
+    virtual ~FormatterBase() noexcept {}  // NOLINT(modernize-use-equals-default)
+
+    /// This is the key method that puts together help
+    virtual std::string make_help(const App *, std::string, AppFormatMode) const = 0;
+
+    ///@}
+    /// @name Setters
+    ///@{
+
+    /// Set the "REQUIRED" label
+    void label(std::string key, std::string val) { labels_[key] = val; }
+
+    /// Set the column width
+    void column_width(std::size_t val) { column_width_ = val; }
+
+    ///@}
+    /// @name Getters
+    ///@{
+
+    /// Get the current value of a name (REQUIRED, etc.)
+    CLI11_NODISCARD std::string get_label(std::string key) const {
+        if(labels_.find(key) == labels_.end())
+            return key;
+        return labels_.at(key);
+    }
+
+    /// Get the current column width
+    CLI11_NODISCARD std::size_t get_column_width() const { return column_width_; }
+
+    ///@}
+};
+
+/// This is a specialty override for lambda functions
+class FormatterLambda final : public FormatterBase {
+    using funct_t = std::function<std::string(const App *, std::string, AppFormatMode)>;
+
+    /// The lambda to hold and run
+    funct_t lambda_;
+
+  public:
+    /// Create a FormatterLambda with a lambda function
+    explicit FormatterLambda(funct_t funct) : lambda_(std::move(funct)) {}
+
+    /// Adding a destructor (mostly to make GCC 4.7 happy)
+    ~FormatterLambda() noexcept override {}  // NOLINT(modernize-use-equals-default)
+
+    /// This will simply call the lambda function
+    std::string make_help(const App *app, std::string name, AppFormatMode mode) const override {
+        return lambda_(app, name, mode);
+    }
+};
+
+/// This is the default Formatter for CLI11. It pretty prints help output, and is broken into quite a few
+/// overridable methods, to be highly customizable with minimal effort.
+class Formatter : public FormatterBase {
+  public:
+    Formatter() = default;
+    Formatter(const Formatter &) = default;
+    Formatter(Formatter &&) = default;
+
+    /// @name Overridables
+    ///@{
+
+    /// This prints out a group of options with title
+    ///
+    CLI11_NODISCARD virtual std::string
+    make_group(std::string group, bool is_positional, std::vector<const Option *> opts) const;
+
+    /// This prints out just the positionals "group"
+    virtual std::string make_positionals(const App *app) const;
+
+    /// This prints out all the groups of options
+    std::string make_groups(const App *app, AppFormatMode mode) const;
+
+    /// This prints out all the subcommands
+    virtual std::string make_subcommands(const App *app, AppFormatMode mode) const;
+
+    /// This prints out a subcommand
+    virtual std::string make_subcommand(const App *sub) const;
+
+    /// This prints out a subcommand in help-all
+    virtual std::string make_expanded(const App *sub) const;
+
+    /// This prints out all the groups of options
+    virtual std::string make_footer(const App *app) const;
+
+    /// This displays the description line
+    virtual std::string make_description(const App *app) const;
+
+    /// This displays the usage line
+    virtual std::string make_usage(const App *app, std::string name) const;
+
+    /// This puts everything together
+    std::string make_help(const App * /*app*/, std::string, AppFormatMode) const override;
+
+    ///@}
+    /// @name Options
+    ///@{
+
+    /// This prints out an option help line, either positional or optional form
+    virtual std::string make_option(const Option *opt, bool is_positional) const {
+        std::stringstream out;
+        detail::format_help(
+            out, make_option_name(opt, is_positional) + make_option_opts(opt), make_option_desc(opt), column_width_);
+        return out.str();
+    }
+
+    /// @brief This is the name part of an option, Default: left column
+    virtual std::string make_option_name(const Option *, bool) const;
+
+    /// @brief This is the options part of the name, Default: combined into left column
+    virtual std::string make_option_opts(const Option *) const;
+
+    /// @brief This is the description. Default: Right column, on new line if left column too large
+    virtual std::string make_option_desc(const Option *) const;
+
+    /// @brief This is used to print the name on the USAGE line
+    virtual std::string make_option_usage(const Option *opt) const;
+
+    ///@}
+};
+
+// [CLI11:formatter_fwd_hpp:end]
+}  // namespace CLI

libs/cli11/include/CLI/Macros.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017-2022, University of Cincinnati, developed by Henry Schreiner
+// under NSF AWARD 1414736 and by the respective contributors.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+#pragma once
+
+// [CLI11:macros_hpp:verbatim]
+
+// The following version macro is very similar to the one in pybind11
+#if !(defined(_MSC_VER) && __cplusplus == 199711L) && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+#if __cplusplus >= 201402L
+#define CLI11_CPP14
+#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
+#define CLI11_CPP17
+#if __cplusplus > 201703L
+#define CLI11_CPP20
+#endif
+#endif
+#endif
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && __cplusplus == 199711L
+// MSVC sets _MSVC_LANG rather than __cplusplus (supposedly until the standard is fully implemented)
+// Unless you use the /Zc:__cplusplus flag on Visual Studio 2017 15.7 Preview 3 or newer
+#if _MSVC_LANG >= 201402L
+#define CLI11_CPP14
+#if _MSVC_LANG > 201402L && _MSC_VER >= 1910
+#define CLI11_CPP17
+#if _MSVC_LANG > 201703L && _MSC_VER >= 1910
+#define CLI11_CPP20
+#endif
+#endif
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CLI11_CPP14)
+#define CLI11_DEPRECATED(reason) [[deprecated(reason)]]
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define CLI11_DEPRECATED(reason) __declspec(deprecated(reason))
+#else
+#define CLI11_DEPRECATED(reason) __attribute__((deprecated(reason)))
+#endif
+
+// GCC < 10 doesn't ignore this in unevaluated contexts
+#if !defined(CLI11_CPP17) ||                                                                                           \
+    (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__llvm__) && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER) && __GNUC__ < 10 && __GNUC__ > 4)
+#define CLI11_NODISCARD
+#else
+#define CLI11_NODISCARD [[nodiscard]]
+#endif
+
+/** detection of rtti */
+#ifndef CLI11_USE_STATIC_RTTI
+#if(defined(_HAS_STATIC_RTTI) && _HAS_STATIC_RTTI)
+#define CLI11_USE_STATIC_RTTI 1
+#elif defined(__cpp_rtti)
+#if(defined(_CPPRTTI) && _CPPRTTI == 0)
+#define CLI11_USE_STATIC_RTTI 1
+#else
+#define CLI11_USE_STATIC_RTTI 0
+#endif
+#elif(defined(__GCC_RTTI) && __GXX_RTTI)
+#define CLI11_USE_STATIC_RTTI 0
+#else
+#define CLI11_USE_STATIC_RTTI 1
+#endif
+#endif
+
+/** Inline macro **/
+#ifdef CLI11_COMPILE
+#define CLI11_INLINE
+#else
+#define CLI11_INLINE inline
+#endif
+// [CLI11:macros_hpp:end]

libs/cli11/include/CLI/Option.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,807 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017-2022, University of Cincinnati, developed by Henry Schreiner
+// under NSF AWARD 1414736 and by the respective contributors.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+#pragma once
+
+// [CLI11:public_includes:set]
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+#include <set>
+#include <string>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+// [CLI11:public_includes:end]
+
+#include "Error.hpp"
+#include "Macros.hpp"
+#include "Split.hpp"
+#include "StringTools.hpp"
+#include "Validators.hpp"
+
+namespace CLI {
+// [CLI11:option_hpp:verbatim]
+
+using results_t = std::vector<std::string>;
+/// callback function definition
+using callback_t = std::function<bool(const results_t &)>;
+
+class Option;
+class App;
+
+using Option_p = std::unique_ptr<Option>;
+/// Enumeration of the multiOption Policy selection
+enum class MultiOptionPolicy : char {
+    Throw,      //!< Throw an error if any extra arguments were given
+    TakeLast,   //!< take only the last Expected number of arguments
+    TakeFirst,  //!< take only the first Expected number of arguments
+    Join,       //!< merge all the arguments together into a single string via the delimiter character default('\n')
+    TakeAll,    //!< just get all the passed argument regardless
+    Sum         //!< sum all the arguments together if numerical or concatenate directly without delimiter
+};
+
+/// This is the CRTP base class for Option and OptionDefaults. It was designed this way
+/// to share parts of the class; an OptionDefaults can copy to an Option.
+template <typename CRTP> class OptionBase {
+    friend App;
+
+  protected:
+    /// The group membership
+    std::string group_ = std::string("Options");
+
+    /// True if this is a required option
+    bool required_{false};
+
+    /// Ignore the case when matching (option, not value)
+    bool ignore_case_{false};
+
+    /// Ignore underscores when matching (option, not value)
+    bool ignore_underscore_{false};
+
+    /// Allow this option to be given in a configuration file
+    bool configurable_{true};
+
+    /// Disable overriding flag values with '=value'
+    bool disable_flag_override_{false};
+
+    /// Specify a delimiter character for vector arguments
+    char delimiter_{'\0'};
+
+    /// Automatically capture default value
+    bool always_capture_default_{false};
+
+    /// Policy for handling multiple arguments beyond the expected Max
+    MultiOptionPolicy multi_option_policy_{MultiOptionPolicy::Throw};
+
+    /// Copy the contents to another similar class (one based on OptionBase)
+    template <typename T> void copy_to(T *other) const;
+
+  public:
+    // setters
+
+    /// Changes the group membership
+    CRTP *group(const std::string &name) {
+        if(!detail::valid_alias_name_string(name)) {
+            throw IncorrectConstruction("Group names may not contain newlines or null characters");
+        }
+        group_ = name;
+        return static_cast<CRTP *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /// Set the option as required
+    CRTP *required(bool value = true) {
+        required_ = value;
+        return static_cast<CRTP *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /// Support Plumbum term
+    CRTP *mandatory(bool value = true) { return required(value); }
+
+    CRTP *always_capture_default(bool value = true) {
+        always_capture_default_ = value;
+        return static_cast<CRTP *>(this);
+    }
+
+    // Getters
+
+    /// Get the group of this option
+    CLI11_NODISCARD const std::string &get_group() const { return group_; }
+
+    /// True if this is a required option
+    CLI11_NODISCARD bool get_required() const { return required_; }
+
+    /// The status of ignore case
+    CLI11_NODISCARD bool get_ignore_case() const { return ignore_case_; }
+
+    /// The status of ignore_underscore
+    CLI11_NODISCARD bool get_ignore_underscore() const { return ignore_underscore_; }
+
+    /// The status of configurable
+    CLI11_NODISCARD bool get_configurable() const { return configurable_; }
+
+    /// The status of configurable
+    CLI11_NODISCARD bool get_disable_flag_override() const { return disable_flag_override_; }
+
+    /// Get the current delimiter char
+    CLI11_NODISCARD char get_delimiter() const { return delimiter_; }
+
+    /// Return true if this will automatically capture the default value for help printing
+    CLI11_NODISCARD bool get_always_capture_default() const { return always_capture_default_; }
+
+    /// The status of the multi option policy
+    CLI11_NODISCARD MultiOptionPolicy get_multi_option_policy() const { return multi_option_policy_; }
+
+    // Shortcuts for multi option policy
+
+    /// Set the multi option policy to take last
+    CRTP *take_last() {
+        auto *self = static_cast<CRTP *>(this);
+        self->multi_option_policy(MultiOptionPolicy::TakeLast);
+        return self;
+    }
+
+    /// Set the multi option policy to take last
+    CRTP *take_first() {
+        auto *self = static_cast<CRTP *>(this);
+        self->multi_option_policy(MultiOptionPolicy::TakeFirst);
+        return self;
+    }
+
+    /// Set the multi option policy to take all arguments
+    CRTP *take_all() {
+        auto self = static_cast<CRTP *>(this);
+        self->multi_option_policy(MultiOptionPolicy::TakeAll);
+        return self;
+    }
+
+    /// Set the multi option policy to join
+    CRTP *join() {
+        auto *self = static_cast<CRTP *>(this);
+        self->multi_option_policy(MultiOptionPolicy::Join);
+        return self;
+    }
+
+    /// Set the multi option policy to join with a specific delimiter
+    CRTP *join(char delim) {
+        auto self = static_cast<CRTP *>(this);
+        self->delimiter_ = delim;
+        self->multi_option_policy(MultiOptionPolicy::Join);
+        return self;
+    }
+
+    /// Allow in a configuration file
+    CRTP *configurable(bool value = true) {
+        configurable_ = value;
+        return static_cast<CRTP *>(this);
+    }
+
+    /// Allow in a configuration file
+    CRTP *delimiter(char value = '\0') {
+        delimiter_ = value;
+        return static_cast<CRTP *>(this);
+    }
+};
+
+/// This is a version of OptionBase that only supports setting values,
+/// for defaults. It is stored as the default option in an App.
+class OptionDefaults : public OptionBase<OptionDefaults> {
+  public:
+    OptionDefaults() = default;
+
+    // Methods here need a different implementation if they are Option vs. OptionDefault
+
+    /// Take the last argument if given multiple times
+    OptionDefaults *multi_option_policy(MultiOptionPolicy value = MultiOptionPolicy::Throw) {
+        multi_option_policy_ = value;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /// Ignore the case of the option name
+    OptionDefaults *ignore_case(bool value = true) {
+        ignore_case_ = value;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /// Ignore underscores in the option name
+    OptionDefaults *ignore_underscore(bool value = true) {
+        ignore_underscore_ = value;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /// Disable overriding flag values with an '=<value>' segment
+    OptionDefaults *disable_flag_override(bool value = true) {
+        disable_flag_override_ = value;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /// set a delimiter character to split up single arguments to treat as multiple inputs
+    OptionDefaults *delimiter(char value = '\0') {
+        delimiter_ = value;
+        return this;
+    }
+};
+
+class Option : public OptionBase<Option> {
+    friend App;
+
+  protected:
+    /// @name Names
+    ///@{
+
+    /// A list of the short names (`-a`) without the leading dashes
+    std::vector<std::string> snames_{};
+
+    /// A list of the long names (`--long`) without the leading dashes
+    std::vector<std::string> lnames_{};
+
+    /// A list of the flag names with the appropriate default value, the first part of the pair should be duplicates of
+    /// what is in snames or lnames but will trigger a particular response on a flag
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> default_flag_values_{};
+
+    /// a list of flag names with specified default values;
+    std::vector<std::string> fnames_{};
+
+    /// A positional name
+    std::string pname_{};
+
+    /// If given, check the environment for this option
+    std::string envname_{};
+
+    ///@}
+    /// @name Help
+    ///@{
+
+    /// The description for help strings
+    std::string description_{};
+
+    /// A human readable default value, either manually set, captured, or captured by default
+    std::string default_str_{};
+
+    /// If given, replace the text that describes the option type and usage in the help text
+    std::string option_text_{};
+
+    /// A human readable type value, set when App creates this
+    ///
+    /// This is a lambda function so "types" can be dynamic, such as when a set prints its contents.
+    std::function<std::string()> type_name_{[]() { return std::string(); }};
+
+    /// Run this function to capture a default (ignore if empty)
+    std::function<std::string()> default_function_{};
+
+    ///@}
+    /// @name Configuration
+    ///@{
+
+    /// The number of arguments that make up one option. max is the nominal type size, min is the minimum number of
+    /// strings
+    int type_size_max_{1};
+    /// The minimum number of arguments an option should be expecting
+    int type_size_min_{1};
+
+    /// The minimum number of expected values
+    int expected_min_{1};
+    /// The maximum number of expected values
+    int expected_max_{1};
+
+    /// A list of Validators to run on each value parsed
+    std::vector<Validator> validators_{};
+
+    /// A list of options that are required with this option
+    std::set<Option *> needs_{};
+
+    /// A list of options that are excluded with this option
+    std::set<Option *> excludes_{};
+
+    ///@}
+    /// @name Other
+    ///@{
+
+    /// link back up to the parent App for fallthrough
+    App *parent_{nullptr};
+
+    /// Options store a callback to do all the work
+    callback_t callback_{};
+
+    ///@}
+    /// @name Parsing results
+    ///@{
+
+    /// complete Results of parsing
+    results_t results_{};
+    /// results after reduction
+    results_t proc_results_{};
+    /// enumeration for the option state machine
+    enum class option_state : char {
+        parsing = 0,       //!< The option is currently collecting parsed results
+        validated = 2,     //!< the results have been validated
+        reduced = 4,       //!< a subset of results has been generated
+        callback_run = 6,  //!< the callback has been executed
+    };
+    /// Whether the callback has run (needed for INI parsing)
+    option_state current_option_state_{option_state::parsing};
+    /// Specify that extra args beyond type_size_max should be allowed
+    bool allow_extra_args_{false};
+    /// Specify that the option should act like a flag vs regular option
+    bool flag_like_{false};
+    /// Control option to run the callback to set the default
+    bool run_callback_for_default_{false};
+    /// flag indicating a separator needs to be injected after each argument call
+    bool inject_separator_{false};
+    /// flag indicating that the option should trigger the validation and callback chain on each result when loaded
+    bool trigger_on_result_{false};
+    /// flag indicating that the option should force the callback regardless if any results present
+    bool force_callback_{false};
+    ///@}
+
+    /// Making an option by hand is not defined, it must be made by the App class
+    Option(std::string option_name, std::string option_description, callback_t callback, App *parent)
+        : description_(std::move(option_description)), parent_(parent), callback_(std::move(callback)) {
+        std::tie(snames_, lnames_, pname_) = detail::get_names(detail::split_names(option_name));
+    }
+
+  public:
+    /// @name Basic
+    ///@{
+
+    Option(const Option &) = delete;
+    Option &operator=(const Option &) = delete;
+
+    /// Count the total number of times an option was passed
+    CLI11_NODISCARD std::size_t count() const { return results_.size(); }
+
+    /// True if the option was not passed
+    CLI11_NODISCARD bool empty() const { return results_.empty(); }
+
+    /// This bool operator returns true if any arguments were passed or the option callback is forced
+    explicit operator bool() const { return !empty() || force_callback_; }
+
+    /// Clear the parsed results (mostly for testing)
+    void clear() {
+        results_.clear();
+        current_option_state_ = option_state::parsing;
+    }
+
+    ///@}
+    /// @name Setting options
+    ///@{
+
+    /// Set the number of expected arguments
+    Option *expected(int value);
+
+    /// Set the range of expected arguments
+    Option *expected(int value_min, int value_max);
+
+    /// Set the value of allow_extra_args which allows extra value arguments on the flag or option to be included
+    /// with each instance
+    Option *allow_extra_args(bool value = true) {
+        allow_extra_args_ = value;
+        return this;
+    }
+    /// Get the current value of allow extra args
+    CLI11_NODISCARD bool get_allow_extra_args() const { return allow_extra_args_; }
+    /// Set the value of trigger_on_parse which specifies that the option callback should be triggered on every parse
+    Option *trigger_on_parse(bool value = true) {
+        trigger_on_result_ = value;
+        return this;
+    }
+    /// The status of trigger on parse
+    CLI11_NODISCARD bool get_trigger_on_parse() const { return trigger_on_result_; }
+
+    /// Set the value of force_callback
+    Option *force_callback(bool value = true) {
+        force_callback_ = value;
+        return this;
+    }
+    /// The status of force_callback
+    CLI11_NODISCARD bool get_force_callback() const { return force_callback_; }
+
+    /// Set the value of run_callback_for_default which controls whether the callback function should be called to set
+    /// the default This is controlled automatically but could be manipulated by the user.
+    Option *run_callback_for_default(bool value = true) {
+        run_callback_for_default_ = value;
+        return this;
+    }
+    /// Get the current value of run_callback_for_default
+    CLI11_NODISCARD bool get_run_callback_for_default() const { return run_callback_for_default_; }
+
+    /// Adds a Validator with a built in type name
+    Option *check(Validator validator, const std::string &validator_name = "");
+
+    /// Adds a Validator. Takes a const string& and returns an error message (empty if conversion/check is okay).
+    Option *check(std::function<std::string(const std::string &)> Validator,
+                  std::string Validator_description = "",
+                  std::string Validator_name = "");
+
+    /// Adds a transforming Validator with a built in type name
+    Option *transform(Validator Validator, const std::string &Validator_name = "");
+
+    /// Adds a Validator-like function that can change result
+    Option *transform(const std::function<std::string(std::string)> &func,
+                      std::string transform_description = "",
+                      std::string transform_name = "");
+
+    /// Adds a user supplied function to run on each item passed in (communicate though lambda capture)
+    Option *each(const std::function<void(std::string)> &func);
+
+    /// Get a named Validator
+    Validator *get_validator(const std::string &Validator_name = "");
+
+    /// Get a Validator by index NOTE: this may not be the order of definition
+    Validator *get_validator(int index);
+
+    /// Sets required options
+    Option *needs(Option *opt) {
+        if(opt != this) {
+            needs_.insert(opt);
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /// Can find a string if needed
+    template <typename T = App> Option *needs(std::string opt_name) {
+        auto opt = static_cast<T *>(parent_)->get_option_no_throw(opt_name);
+        if(opt == nullptr) {
+            throw IncorrectConstruction::MissingOption(opt_name);
+        }
+        return needs(opt);
+    }
+
+    /// Any number supported, any mix of string and Opt
+    template <typename A, typename B, typename... ARG> Option *needs(A opt, B opt1, ARG... args) {
+        needs(opt);
+        return needs(opt1, args...);  // NOLINT(readability-suspicious-call-argument)
+    }
+
+    /// Remove needs link from an option. Returns true if the option really was in the needs list.
+    bool remove_needs(Option *opt);
+
+    /// Sets excluded options
+    Option *excludes(Option *opt);
+
+    /// Can find a string if needed
+    template <typename T = App> Option *excludes(std::string opt_name) {
+        auto opt = static_cast<T *>(parent_)->get_option_no_throw(opt_name);
+        if(opt == nullptr) {
+            throw IncorrectConstruction::MissingOption(opt_name);
+        }
+        return excludes(opt);
+    }
+
+    /// Any number supported, any mix of string and Opt
+    template <typename A, typename B, typename... ARG> Option *excludes(A opt, B opt1, ARG... args) {
+        excludes(opt);
+        return excludes(opt1, args...);
+    }
+
+    /// Remove needs link from an option. Returns true if the option really was in the needs list.
+    bool remove_excludes(Option *opt);
+
+    /// Sets environment variable to read if no option given
+    Option *envname(std::string name) {
+        envname_ = std::move(name);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /// Ignore case
+    ///
+    /// The template hides the fact that we don't have the definition of App yet.
+    /// You are never expected to add an argument to the template here.
+    template <typename T = App> Option *ignore_case(bool value = true);
+
+    /// Ignore underscores in the option names
+    ///
+    /// The template hides the fact that we don't have the definition of App yet.
+    /// You are never expected to add an argument to the template here.
+    template <typename T = App> Option *ignore_underscore(bool value = true);
+
+    /// Take the last argument if given multiple times (or another policy)
+    Option *multi_option_policy(MultiOptionPolicy value = MultiOptionPolicy::Throw);
+
+    /// Disable flag overrides values, e.g. --flag=<value> is not allowed
+    Option *disable_flag_override(bool value = true) {
+        disable_flag_override_ = value;
+        return this;
+    }
+    ///@}
+    /// @name Accessors
+    ///@{
+
+    /// The number of arguments the option expects
+    CLI11_NODISCARD int get_type_size() const { return type_size_min_; }
+
+    /// The minimum number of arguments the option expects
+    CLI11_NODISCARD int get_type_size_min() const { return type_size_min_; }
+    /// The maximum number of arguments the option expects
+    CLI11_NODISCARD int get_type_size_max() const { return type_size_max_; }
+
+    /// Return the inject_separator flag
+    CLI11_NODISCARD bool get_inject_separator() const { return inject_separator_; }
+
+    /// The environment variable associated to this value
+    CLI11_NODISCARD std::string get_envname() const { return envname_; }
+
+    /// The set of options needed
+    CLI11_NODISCARD std::set<Option *> get_needs() const { return needs_; }
+
+    /// The set of options excluded
+    CLI11_NODISCARD std::set<Option *> get_excludes() const { return excludes_; }
+
+    /// The default value (for help printing)
+    CLI11_NODISCARD std::string get_default_str() const { return default_str_; }
+
+    /// Get the callback function
+    CLI11_NODISCARD callback_t get_callback() const { return callback_; }
+
+    /// Get the long names
+    CLI11_NODISCARD const std::vector<std::string> &get_lnames() const { return lnames_; }
+
+    /// Get the short names
+    CLI11_NODISCARD const std::vector<std::string> &get_snames() const { return snames_; }
+
+    /// Get the flag names with specified default values
+    CLI11_NODISCARD const std::vector<std::string> &get_fnames() const { return fnames_; }
+    /// Get a single name for the option, first of lname, pname, sname, envname
+    CLI11_NODISCARD const std::string &get_single_name() const {
+        if(!lnames_.empty()) {
+            return lnames_[0];
+        }
+        if(!pname_.empty()) {
+            return pname_;
+        }
+        if(!snames_.empty()) {
+            return snames_[0];
+        }
+        return envname_;
+    }
+    /// The number of times the option expects to be included
+    CLI11_NODISCARD int get_expected() const { return expected_min_; }
+
+    /// The number of times the option expects to be included
+    CLI11_NODISCARD int get_expected_min() const { return expected_min_; }
+    /// The max number of times the option expects to be included
+    CLI11_NODISCARD int get_expected_max() const { return expected_max_; }
+
+    /// The total min number of expected  string values to be used
+    CLI11_NODISCARD int get_items_expected_min() const { return type_size_min_ * expected_min_; }
+
+    /// Get the maximum number of items expected to be returned and used for the callback
+    CLI11_NODISCARD int get_items_expected_max() const {
+        int t = type_size_max_;
+        return detail::checked_multiply(t, expected_max_) ? t : detail::expected_max_vector_size;
+    }
+    /// The total min number of expected  string values to be used
+    CLI11_NODISCARD int get_items_expected() const { return get_items_expected_min(); }
+
+    /// True if the argument can be given directly
+    CLI11_NODISCARD bool get_positional() const { return pname_.length() > 0; }
+
+    /// True if option has at least one non-positional name
+    CLI11_NODISCARD bool nonpositional() const { return (snames_.size() + lnames_.size()) > 0; }
+
+    /// True if option has description
+    CLI11_NODISCARD bool has_description() const { return description_.length() > 0; }
+
+    /// Get the description
+    CLI11_NODISCARD const std::string &get_description() const { return description_; }
+
+    /// Set the description
+    Option *description(std::string option_description) {
+        description_ = std::move(option_description);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    Option *option_text(std::string text) {
+        option_text_ = std::move(text);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    CLI11_NODISCARD const std::string &get_option_text() const { return option_text_; }
+
+    ///@}
+    /// @name Help tools
+    ///@{
+
+    /// \brief Gets a comma separated list of names.
+    /// Will include / prefer the positional name if positional is true.
+    /// If all_options is false, pick just the most descriptive name to show.
+    /// Use `get_name(true)` to get the positional name (replaces `get_pname`)
+    CLI11_NODISCARD std::string get_name(bool positional = false,  ///< Show the positional name
+                                         bool all_options = false  ///< Show every option
+    ) const;
+
+    ///@}
+    /// @name Parser tools
+    ///@{
+
+    /// Process the callback
+    void run_callback();
+
+    /// If options share any of the same names, find it
+    CLI11_NODISCARD const std::string &matching_name(const Option &other) const;
+
+    /// If options share any of the same names, they are equal (not counting positional)
+    bool operator==(const Option &other) const { return !matching_name(other).empty(); }
+
+    /// Check a name. Requires "-" or "--" for short / long, supports positional name
+    CLI11_NODISCARD bool check_name(const std::string &name) const;
+
+    /// Requires "-" to be removed from string
+    CLI11_NODISCARD bool check_sname(std::string name) const {
+        return (detail::find_member(std::move(name), snames_, ignore_case_) >= 0);
+    }
+
+    /// Requires "--" to be removed from string
+    CLI11_NODISCARD bool check_lname(std::string name) const {
+        return (detail::find_member(std::move(name), lnames_, ignore_case_, ignore_underscore_) >= 0);
+    }
+
+    /// Requires "--" to be removed from string
+    CLI11_NODISCARD bool check_fname(std::string name) const {
+        if(fnames_.empty()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return (detail::find_member(std::move(name), fnames_, ignore_case_, ignore_underscore_) >= 0);
+    }
+
+    /// Get the value that goes for a flag, nominally gets the default value but allows for overrides if not
+    /// disabled
+    CLI11_NODISCARD std::string get_flag_value(const std::string &name, std::string input_value) const;
+
+    /// Puts a result at the end
+    Option *add_result(std::string s);
+
+    /// Puts a result at the end and get a count of the number of arguments actually added
+    Option *add_result(std::string s, int &results_added);
+
+    /// Puts a result at the end
+    Option *add_result(std::vector<std::string> s);
+
+    /// Get the current complete results set
+    CLI11_NODISCARD const results_t &results() const { return results_; }
+
+    /// Get a copy of the results
+    CLI11_NODISCARD results_t reduced_results() const;
+
+    /// Get the results as a specified type
+    template <typename T> void results(T &output) const {
+        bool retval = false;
+        if(current_option_state_ >= option_state::reduced || (results_.size() == 1 && validators_.empty())) {
+            const results_t &res = (proc_results_.empty()) ? results_ : proc_results_;
+            retval = detail::lexical_conversion<T, T>(res, output);
+        } else {
+            results_t res;
+            if(results_.empty()) {
+                if(!default_str_.empty()) {
+                    // _add_results takes an rvalue only
+                    _add_result(std::string(default_str_), res);
+                    _validate_results(res);
+                    results_t extra;
+                    _reduce_results(extra, res);
+                    if(!extra.empty()) {
+                        res = std::move(extra);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    res.emplace_back();
+                }
+            } else {
+                res = reduced_results();
+            }
+            retval = detail::lexical_conversion<T, T>(res, output);
+        }
+        if(!retval) {
+            throw ConversionError(get_name(), results_);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Return the results as the specified type
+    template <typename T> CLI11_NODISCARD T as() const {
+        T output;
+        results(output);
+        return output;
+    }
+
+    /// See if the callback has been run already
+    CLI11_NODISCARD bool get_callback_run() const { return (current_option_state_ == option_state::callback_run); }
+
+    ///@}
+    /// @name Custom options
+    ///@{
+
+    /// Set the type function to run when displayed on this option
+    Option *type_name_fn(std::function<std::string()> typefun) {
+        type_name_ = std::move(typefun);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /// Set a custom option typestring
+    Option *type_name(std::string typeval) {
+        type_name_fn([typeval]() { return typeval; });
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /// Set a custom option size
+    Option *type_size(int option_type_size);
+
+    /// Set a custom option type size range
+    Option *type_size(int option_type_size_min, int option_type_size_max);
+
+    /// Set the value of the separator injection flag
+    void inject_separator(bool value = true) { inject_separator_ = value; }
+
+    /// Set a capture function for the default. Mostly used by App.
+    Option *default_function(const std::function<std::string()> &func) {
+        default_function_ = func;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /// Capture the default value from the original value (if it can be captured)
+    Option *capture_default_str() {
+        if(default_function_) {
+            default_str_ = default_function_();
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /// Set the default value string representation (does not change the contained value)
+    Option *default_str(std::string val) {
+        default_str_ = std::move(val);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /// Set the default value and validate the results and run the callback if appropriate to set the value into the
+    /// bound value only available for types that can be converted to a string
+    template <typename X> Option *default_val(const X &val) {
+        std::string val_str = detail::to_string(val);
+        auto old_option_state = current_option_state_;
+        results_t old_results{std::move(results_)};
+        results_.clear();
+        try {
+            add_result(val_str);
+            // if trigger_on_result_ is set the callback already ran
+            if(run_callback_for_default_ && !trigger_on_result_) {
+                run_callback();  // run callback sets the state, we need to reset it again
+                current_option_state_ = option_state::parsing;
+            } else {
+                _validate_results(results_);
+                current_option_state_ = old_option_state;
+            }
+        } catch(const CLI::Error &) {
+            // this should be done
+            results_ = std::move(old_results);
+            current_option_state_ = old_option_state;
+            throw;
+        }
+        results_ = std::move(old_results);
+        default_str_ = std::move(val_str);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /// Get the full typename for this option
+    CLI11_NODISCARD std::string get_type_name() const;
+
+  private:
+    /// Run the results through the Validators
+    void _validate_results(results_t &res) const;
+
+    /** reduce the results in accordance with the MultiOptionPolicy
+    @param[out] out results are assigned to res if there if they are different
+    */
+    void _reduce_results(results_t &out, const results_t &original) const;
+
+    // Run a result through the Validators
+    std::string _validate(std::string &result, int index) const;
+
+    /// Add a single result to the result set, taking into account delimiters
+    int _add_result(std::string &&result, std::vector<std::string> &res) const;
+};
+
+// [CLI11:option_hpp:end]
+}  // namespace CLI
+
+#ifndef CLI11_COMPILE
+#include "impl/Option_inl.hpp"
+#endif

libs/cli11/include/CLI/Split.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017-2022, University of Cincinnati, developed by Henry Schreiner
+// under NSF AWARD 1414736 and by the respective contributors.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+#pragma once
+
+// [CLI11:public_includes:set]
+#include <string>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+// [CLI11:public_includes:end]
+
+#include "Macros.hpp"
+
+namespace CLI {
+// [CLI11:split_hpp:verbatim]
+
+namespace detail {
+
+// Returns false if not a short option. Otherwise, sets opt name and rest and returns true
+CLI11_INLINE bool split_short(const std::string &current, std::string &name, std::string &rest);
+
+// Returns false if not a long option. Otherwise, sets opt name and other side of = and returns true
+CLI11_INLINE bool split_long(const std::string &current, std::string &name, std::string &value);
+
+// Returns false if not a windows style option. Otherwise, sets opt name and value and returns true
+CLI11_INLINE bool split_windows_style(const std::string &current, std::string &name, std::string &value);
+
+// Splits a string into multiple long and short names
+CLI11_INLINE std::vector<std::string> split_names(std::string current);
+
+/// extract default flag values either {def} or starting with a !
+CLI11_INLINE std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> get_default_flag_values(const std::string &str);
+
+/// Get a vector of short names, one of long names, and a single name
+CLI11_INLINE std::tuple<std::vector<std::string>, std::vector<std::string>, std::string>
+get_names(const std::vector<std::string> &input);
+
+}  // namespace detail
+// [CLI11:split_hpp:end]
+}  // namespace CLI
+
+#ifndef CLI11_COMPILE
+#include "impl/Split_inl.hpp"
+#endif

libs/cli11/include/CLI/StringTools.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017-2022, University of Cincinnati, developed by Henry Schreiner
+// under NSF AWARD 1414736 and by the respective contributors.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+#pragma once
+
+// [CLI11:public_includes:set]
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <locale>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <vector>
+// [CLI11:public_includes:end]
+
+#include "Macros.hpp"
+
+namespace CLI {
+
+// [CLI11:string_tools_hpp:verbatim]
+
+/// Include the items in this namespace to get free conversion of enums to/from streams.
+/// (This is available inside CLI as well, so CLI11 will use this without a using statement).
+namespace enums {
+
+/// output streaming for enumerations
+template <typename T, typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_enum<T>::value>::type>
+std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &in, const T &item) {
+    // make sure this is out of the detail namespace otherwise it won't be found when needed
+    return in << static_cast<typename std::underlying_type<T>::type>(item);
+}
+
+}  // namespace enums
+
+/// Export to CLI namespace
+using enums::operator<<;
+
+namespace detail {
+/// a constant defining an expected max vector size defined to be a big number that could be multiplied by 4 and not
+/// produce overflow for some expected uses
+constexpr int expected_max_vector_size{1 << 29};
+// Based on http://stackoverflow.com/questions/236129/split-a-string-in-c
+/// Split a string by a delim
+CLI11_INLINE std::vector<std::string> split(const std::string &s, char delim);
+
+/// Simple function to join a string
+template <typename T> std::string join(const T &v, std::string delim = ",") {
+    std::ostringstream s;
+    auto beg = std::begin(v);
+    auto end = std::end(v);
+    if(beg != end)
+        s << *beg++;
+    while(beg != end) {
+        s << delim << *beg++;
+    }
+    return s.str();
+}
+
+/// Simple function to join a string from processed elements
+template <typename T,
+          typename Callable,
+          typename = typename std::enable_if<!std::is_constructible<std::string, Callable>::value>::type>
+std::string join(const T &v, Callable func, std::string delim = ",") {
+    std::ostringstream s;
+    auto beg = std::begin(v);
+    auto end = std::end(v);
+    auto loc = s.tellp();
+    while(beg != end) {
+        auto nloc = s.tellp();
+        if(nloc > loc) {
+            s << delim;
+            loc = nloc;
+        }
+        s << func(*beg++);
+    }
+    return s.str();
+}
+
+/// Join a string in reverse order
+template <typename T> std::string rjoin(const T &v, std::string delim = ",") {
+    std::ostringstream s;
+    for(std::size_t start = 0; start < v.size(); start++) {
+        if(start > 0)
+            s << delim;
+        s << v[v.size() - start - 1];
+    }
+    return s.str();
+}
+
+// Based roughly on http://stackoverflow.com/questions/25829143/c-trim-whitespace-from-a-string
+
+/// Trim whitespace from left of string
+CLI11_INLINE std::string &ltrim(std::string &str);
+
+/// Trim anything from left of string
+CLI11_INLINE std::string &ltrim(std::string &str, const std::string &filter);
+
+/// Trim whitespace from right of string
+CLI11_INLINE std::string &rtrim(std::string &str);
+
+/// Trim anything from right of string
+CLI11_INLINE std::string &rtrim(std::string &str, const std::string &filter);
+
+/// Trim whitespace from string
+inline std::string &trim(std::string &str) { return ltrim(rtrim(str)); }
+
+/// Trim anything from string
+inline std::string &trim(std::string &str, const std::string filter) { return ltrim(rtrim(str, filter), filter); }
+
+/// Make a copy of the string and then trim it
+inline std::string trim_copy(const std::string &str) {
+    std::string s = str;
+    return trim(s);
+}
+
+/// remove quotes at the front and back of a string either '"' or '\''
+CLI11_INLINE std::string &remove_quotes(std::string &str);
+
+/// Add a leader to the beginning of all new lines (nothing is added
+/// at the start of the first line). `"; "` would be for ini files
+///
+/// Can't use Regex, or this would be a subs.
+CLI11_INLINE std::string fix_newlines(const std::string &leader, std::string input);
+
+/// Make a copy of the string and then trim it, any filter string can be used (any char in string is filtered)
+inline std::string trim_copy(const std::string &str, const std::string &filter) {
+    std::string s = str;
+    return trim(s, filter);
+}
+/// Print a two part "help" string
+CLI11_INLINE std::ostream &
+format_help(std::ostream &out, std::string name, const std::string &description, std::size_t wid);
+
+/// Print subcommand aliases
+CLI11_INLINE std::ostream &format_aliases(std::ostream &out, const std::vector<std::string> &aliases, std::size_t wid);
+
+/// Verify the first character of an option
+/// - is a trigger character, ! has special meaning and new lines would just be annoying to deal with
+template <typename T> bool valid_first_char(T c) { return ((c != '-') && (c != '!') && (c != ' ') && c != '\n'); }
+
+/// Verify following characters of an option
+template <typename T> bool valid_later_char(T c) {
+    // = and : are value separators, { has special meaning for option defaults,
+    // and \n would just be annoying to deal with in many places allowing space here has too much potential for
+    // inadvertent entry errors and bugs
+    return ((c != '=') && (c != ':') && (c != '{') && (c != ' ') && c != '\n');
+}
+
+/// Verify an option/subcommand name
+CLI11_INLINE bool valid_name_string(const std::string &str);
+
+/// Verify an app name
+inline bool valid_alias_name_string(const std::string &str) {
+    static const std::string badChars(std::string("\n") + '\0');
+    return (str.find_first_of(badChars) == std::string::npos);
+}
+
+/// check if a string is a container segment separator (empty or "%%")
+inline bool is_separator(const std::string &str) {
+    static const std::string sep("%%");
+    return (str.empty() || str == sep);
+}
+
+/// Verify that str consists of letters only
+inline bool isalpha(const std::string &str) {
+    return std::all_of(str.begin(), str.end(), [](char c) { return std::isalpha(c, std::locale()); });
+}
+
+/// Return a lower case version of a string
+inline std::string to_lower(std::string str) {
+    std::transform(std::begin(str), std::end(str), std::begin(str), [](const std::string::value_type &x) {
+        return std::tolower(x, std::locale());
+    });
+    return str;
+}
+
+/// remove underscores from a string
+inline std::string remove_underscore(std::string str) {
+    str.erase(std::remove(std::begin(str), std::end(str), '_'), std::end(str));
+    return str;
+}
+
+/// Find and replace a substring with another substring
+CLI11_INLINE std::string find_and_replace(std::string str, std::string from, std::string to);
+
+/// check if the flag definitions has possible false flags
+inline bool has_default_flag_values(const std::string &flags) {
+    return (flags.find_first_of("{!") != std::string::npos);
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE void remove_default_flag_values(std::string &flags);
+
+/// Check if a string is a member of a list of strings and optionally ignore case or ignore underscores
+CLI11_INLINE std::ptrdiff_t find_member(std::string name,
+                                        const std::vector<std::string> names,
+                                        bool ignore_case = false,
+                                        bool ignore_underscore = false);
+
+/// Find a trigger string and call a modify callable function that takes the current string and starting position of the
+/// trigger and returns the position in the string to search for the next trigger string
+template <typename Callable> inline std::string find_and_modify(std::string str, std::string trigger, Callable modify) {
+    std::size_t start_pos = 0;
+    while((start_pos = str.find(trigger, start_pos)) != std::string::npos) {
+        start_pos = modify(str, start_pos);
+    }
+    return str;
+}
+
+/// Split a string '"one two" "three"' into 'one two', 'three'
+/// Quote characters can be ` ' or "
+CLI11_INLINE std::vector<std::string> split_up(std::string str, char delimiter = '\0');
+
+/// This function detects an equal or colon followed by an escaped quote after an argument
+/// then modifies the string to replace the equality with a space.  This is needed
+/// to allow the split up function to work properly and is intended to be used with the find_and_modify function
+/// the return value is the offset+1 which is required by the find_and_modify function.
+CLI11_INLINE std::size_t escape_detect(std::string &str, std::size_t offset);
+
+/// Add quotes if the string contains spaces
+CLI11_INLINE std::string &add_quotes_if_needed(std::string &str);
+
+}  // namespace detail
+
+// [CLI11:string_tools_hpp:end]
+
+}  // namespace CLI
+
+#ifndef CLI11_COMPILE
+#include "impl/StringTools_inl.hpp"
+#endif

libs/cli11/include/CLI/Timer.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017-2022, University of Cincinnati, developed by Henry Schreiner
+// under NSF AWARD 1414736 and by the respective contributors.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+#pragma once
+
+// On GCC < 4.8, the following define is often missing. Due to the
+// fact that this library only uses sleep_for, this should be safe
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) && __GNUC__ < 5 && __GNUC_MINOR__ < 8
+#define _GLIBCXX_USE_NANOSLEEP
+#endif
+
+#include <cmath>
+
+#include <array>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <functional>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace CLI {
+
+/// This is a simple timer with pretty printing. Creating the timer starts counting.
+class Timer {
+  protected:
+    /// This is a typedef to make clocks easier to use
+    using clock = std::chrono::steady_clock;
+
+    /// This typedef is for points in time
+    using time_point = std::chrono::time_point<clock>;
+
+    /// This is the type of a printing function, you can make your own
+    using time_print_t = std::function<std::string(std::string, std::string)>;
+
+    /// This is the title of the timer
+    std::string title_;
+
+    /// This is the function that is used to format most of the timing message
+    time_print_t time_print_;
+
+    /// This is the starting point (when the timer was created)
+    time_point start_;
+
+    /// This is the number of times cycles (print divides by this number)
+    std::size_t cycles{1};
+
+  public:
+    /// Standard print function, this one is set by default
+    static std::string Simple(std::string title, std::string time) { return title + ": " + time; }
+
+    /// This is a fancy print function with --- headers
+    static std::string Big(std::string title, std::string time) {
+        return std::string("-----------------------------------------\n") + "| " + title + " | Time = " + time + "\n" +
+               "-----------------------------------------";
+    }
+
+  public:
+    /// Standard constructor, can set title and print function
+    explicit Timer(std::string title = "Timer", time_print_t time_print = Simple)
+        : title_(std::move(title)), time_print_(std::move(time_print)), start_(clock::now()) {}
+
+    /// Time a function by running it multiple times. Target time is the len to target.
+    std::string time_it(std::function<void()> f, double target_time = 1) {
+        time_point start = start_;
+        double total_time = NAN;
+
+        start_ = clock::now();
+        std::size_t n = 0;
+        do {
+            f();
+            std::chrono::duration<double> elapsed = clock::now() - start_;
+            total_time = elapsed.count();
+        } while(n++ < 100u && total_time < target_time);
+
+        std::string out = make_time_str(total_time / static_cast<double>(n)) + " for " + std::to_string(n) + " tries";
+        start_ = start;
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    /// This formats the numerical value for the time string
+    std::string make_time_str() const {  // NOLINT(modernize-use-nodiscard)
+        time_point stop = clock::now();
+        std::chrono::duration<double> elapsed = stop - start_;
+        double time = elapsed.count() / static_cast<double>(cycles);
+        return make_time_str(time);
+    }
+
+    // LCOV_EXCL_START
+    /// This prints out a time string from a time
+    std::string make_time_str(double time) const {  // NOLINT(modernize-use-nodiscard)
+        auto print_it = [](double x, std::string unit) {
+            const unsigned int buffer_length = 50;
+            std::array<char, buffer_length> buffer;
+            std::snprintf(buffer.data(), buffer_length, "%.5g", x);
+            return buffer.data() + std::string(" ") + unit;
+        };
+
+        if(time < .000001)
+            return print_it(time * 1000000000, "ns");
+        if(time < .001)
+            return print_it(time * 1000000, "us");
+        if(time < 1)
+            return print_it(time * 1000, "ms");
+        return print_it(time, "s");
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+
+    /// This is the main function, it creates a string
+    std::string to_string() const { return time_print_(title_, make_time_str()); }  // NOLINT(modernize-use-nodiscard)
+
+    /// Division sets the number of cycles to divide by (no graphical change)
+    Timer &operator/(std::size_t val) {
+        cycles = val;
+        return *this;
+    }
+};
+
+/// This class prints out the time upon destruction
+class AutoTimer : public Timer {
+  public:
+    /// Reimplementing the constructor is required in GCC 4.7
+    explicit AutoTimer(std::string title = "Timer", time_print_t time_print = Simple) : Timer(title, time_print) {}
+    // GCC 4.7 does not support using inheriting constructors.
+
+    /// This destructor prints the string
+    ~AutoTimer() { std::cout << to_string() << std::endl; }
+};
+
+}  // namespace CLI
+
+/// This prints out the time if shifted into a std::cout like stream.
+inline std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &in, const CLI::Timer &timer) { return in << timer.to_string(); }

libs/cli11/include/CLI/Validators.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,908 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017-2022, University of Cincinnati, developed by Henry Schreiner
+// under NSF AWARD 1414736 and by the respective contributors.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "Error.hpp"
+#include "Macros.hpp"
+#include "StringTools.hpp"
+#include "TypeTools.hpp"
+
+// [CLI11:public_includes:set]
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <functional>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <limits>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+// [CLI11:public_includes:end]
+
+// [CLI11:validators_hpp_filesystem:verbatim]
+
+// C standard library
+// Only needed for existence checking
+#if defined CLI11_CPP17 && defined __has_include && !defined CLI11_HAS_FILESYSTEM
+#if __has_include(<filesystem>)
+// Filesystem cannot be used if targeting macOS < 10.15
+#if defined __MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED && __MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED < 101500
+#define CLI11_HAS_FILESYSTEM 0
+#elif defined(__wasi__)
+// As of wasi-sdk-14, filesystem is not implemented
+#define CLI11_HAS_FILESYSTEM 0
+#else
+#include <filesystem>
+#if defined __cpp_lib_filesystem && __cpp_lib_filesystem >= 201703
+#if defined _GLIBCXX_RELEASE && _GLIBCXX_RELEASE >= 9
+#define CLI11_HAS_FILESYSTEM 1
+#elif defined(__GLIBCXX__)
+// if we are using gcc and Version <9 default to no filesystem
+#define CLI11_HAS_FILESYSTEM 0
+#else
+#define CLI11_HAS_FILESYSTEM 1
+#endif
+#else
+#define CLI11_HAS_FILESYSTEM 0
+#endif
+#endif
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined CLI11_HAS_FILESYSTEM && CLI11_HAS_FILESYSTEM > 0
+#include <filesystem>  // NOLINT(build/include)
+#else
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#endif
+
+// [CLI11:validators_hpp_filesystem:end]
+
+namespace CLI {
+// [CLI11:validators_hpp:verbatim]
+
+class Option;
+
+/// @defgroup validator_group Validators
+
+/// @brief Some validators that are provided
+///
+/// These are simple `std::string(const std::string&)` validators that are useful. They return
+/// a string if the validation fails. A custom struct is provided, as well, with the same user
+/// semantics, but with the ability to provide a new type name.
+/// @{
+
+///
+class Validator {
+  protected:
+    /// This is the description function, if empty the description_ will be used
+    std::function<std::string()> desc_function_{[]() { return std::string{}; }};
+
+    /// This is the base function that is to be called.
+    /// Returns a string error message if validation fails.
+    std::function<std::string(std::string &)> func_{[](std::string &) { return std::string{}; }};
+    /// The name for search purposes of the Validator
+    std::string name_{};
+    /// A Validator will only apply to an indexed value (-1 is all elements)
+    int application_index_ = -1;
+    /// Enable for Validator to allow it to be disabled if need be
+    bool active_{true};
+    /// specify that a validator should not modify the input
+    bool non_modifying_{false};
+
+    Validator(std::string validator_desc, std::function<std::string(std::string &)> func)
+        : desc_function_([validator_desc]() { return validator_desc; }), func_(std::move(func)) {}
+
+  public:
+    Validator() = default;
+    /// Construct a Validator with just the description string
+    explicit Validator(std::string validator_desc) : desc_function_([validator_desc]() { return validator_desc; }) {}
+    /// Construct Validator from basic information
+    Validator(std::function<std::string(std::string &)> op, std::string validator_desc, std::string validator_name = "")
+        : desc_function_([validator_desc]() { return validator_desc; }), func_(std::move(op)),
+          name_(std::move(validator_name)) {}
+    /// Set the Validator operation function
+    Validator &operation(std::function<std::string(std::string &)> op) {
+        func_ = std::move(op);
+        return *this;
+    }
+    /// This is the required operator for a Validator - provided to help
+    /// users (CLI11 uses the member `func` directly)
+    std::string operator()(std::string &str) const;
+
+    /// This is the required operator for a Validator - provided to help
+    /// users (CLI11 uses the member `func` directly)
+    std::string operator()(const std::string &str) const {
+        std::string value = str;
+        return (active_) ? func_(value) : std::string{};
+    }
+
+    /// Specify the type string
+    Validator &description(std::string validator_desc) {
+        desc_function_ = [validator_desc]() { return validator_desc; };
+        return *this;
+    }
+    /// Specify the type string
+    CLI11_NODISCARD Validator description(std::string validator_desc) const;
+
+    /// Generate type description information for the Validator
+    CLI11_NODISCARD std::string get_description() const {
+        if(active_) {
+            return desc_function_();
+        }
+        return std::string{};
+    }
+    /// Specify the type string
+    Validator &name(std::string validator_name) {
+        name_ = std::move(validator_name);
+        return *this;
+    }
+    /// Specify the type string
+    CLI11_NODISCARD Validator name(std::string validator_name) const {
+        Validator newval(*this);
+        newval.name_ = std::move(validator_name);
+        return newval;
+    }
+    /// Get the name of the Validator
+    CLI11_NODISCARD const std::string &get_name() const { return name_; }
+    /// Specify whether the Validator is active or not
+    Validator &active(bool active_val = true) {
+        active_ = active_val;
+        return *this;
+    }
+    /// Specify whether the Validator is active or not
+    CLI11_NODISCARD Validator active(bool active_val = true) const {
+        Validator newval(*this);
+        newval.active_ = active_val;
+        return newval;
+    }
+
+    /// Specify whether the Validator can be modifying or not
+    Validator &non_modifying(bool no_modify = true) {
+        non_modifying_ = no_modify;
+        return *this;
+    }
+    /// Specify the application index of a validator
+    Validator &application_index(int app_index) {
+        application_index_ = app_index;
+        return *this;
+    }
+    /// Specify the application index of a validator
+    CLI11_NODISCARD Validator application_index(int app_index) const {
+        Validator newval(*this);
+        newval.application_index_ = app_index;
+        return newval;
+    }
+    /// Get the current value of the application index
+    CLI11_NODISCARD int get_application_index() const { return application_index_; }
+    /// Get a boolean if the validator is active
+    CLI11_NODISCARD bool get_active() const { return active_; }
+
+    /// Get a boolean if the validator is allowed to modify the input returns true if it can modify the input
+    CLI11_NODISCARD bool get_modifying() const { return !non_modifying_; }
+
+    /// Combining validators is a new validator. Type comes from left validator if function, otherwise only set if the
+    /// same.
+    Validator operator&(const Validator &other) const;
+
+    /// Combining validators is a new validator. Type comes from left validator if function, otherwise only set if the
+    /// same.
+    Validator operator|(const Validator &other) const;
+
+    /// Create a validator that fails when a given validator succeeds
+    Validator operator!() const;
+
+  private:
+    void _merge_description(const Validator &val1, const Validator &val2, const std::string &merger);
+};
+
+/// Class wrapping some of the accessors of Validator
+class CustomValidator : public Validator {
+  public:
+};
+// The implementation of the built in validators is using the Validator class;
+// the user is only expected to use the const (static) versions (since there's no setup).
+// Therefore, this is in detail.
+namespace detail {
+
+/// CLI enumeration of different file types
+enum class path_type { nonexistent, file, directory };
+
+/// get the type of the path from a file name
+CLI11_INLINE path_type check_path(const char *file) noexcept;
+
+/// Check for an existing file (returns error message if check fails)
+class ExistingFileValidator : public Validator {
+  public:
+    ExistingFileValidator();
+};
+
+/// Check for an existing directory (returns error message if check fails)
+class ExistingDirectoryValidator : public Validator {
+  public:
+    ExistingDirectoryValidator();
+};
+
+/// Check for an existing path
+class ExistingPathValidator : public Validator {
+  public:
+    ExistingPathValidator();
+};
+
+/// Check for an non-existing path
+class NonexistentPathValidator : public Validator {
+  public:
+    NonexistentPathValidator();
+};
+
+/// Validate the given string is a legal ipv4 address
+class IPV4Validator : public Validator {
+  public:
+    IPV4Validator();
+};
+
+}  // namespace detail
+
+// Static is not needed here, because global const implies static.
+
+/// Check for existing file (returns error message if check fails)
+const detail::ExistingFileValidator ExistingFile;
+
+/// Check for an existing directory (returns error message if check fails)
+const detail::ExistingDirectoryValidator ExistingDirectory;
+
+/// Check for an existing path
+const detail::ExistingPathValidator ExistingPath;
+
+/// Check for an non-existing path
+const detail::NonexistentPathValidator NonexistentPath;
+
+/// Check for an IP4 address
+const detail::IPV4Validator ValidIPV4;
+
+/// Validate the input as a particular type
+template <typename DesiredType> class TypeValidator : public Validator {
+  public:
+    explicit TypeValidator(const std::string &validator_name)
+        : Validator(validator_name, [](std::string &input_string) {
+              auto val = DesiredType();
+              if(!detail::lexical_cast(input_string, val)) {
+                  return std::string("Failed parsing ") + input_string + " as a " + detail::type_name<DesiredType>();
+              }
+              return std::string();
+          }) {}
+    TypeValidator() : TypeValidator(detail::type_name<DesiredType>()) {}
+};
+
+/// Check for a number
+const TypeValidator<double> Number("NUMBER");
+
+/// Modify a path if the file is a particular default location, can be used as Check or transform
+/// with the error return optionally disabled
+class FileOnDefaultPath : public Validator {
+  public:
+    explicit FileOnDefaultPath(std::string default_path, bool enableErrorReturn = true);
+};
+
+/// Produce a range (factory). Min and max are inclusive.
+class Range : public Validator {
+  public:
+    /// This produces a range with min and max inclusive.
+    ///
+    /// Note that the constructor is templated, but the struct is not, so C++17 is not
+    /// needed to provide nice syntax for Range(a,b).
+    template <typename T>
+    Range(T min_val, T max_val, const std::string &validator_name = std::string{}) : Validator(validator_name) {
+        if(validator_name.empty()) {
+            std::stringstream out;
+            out << detail::type_name<T>() << " in [" << min_val << " - " << max_val << "]";
+            description(out.str());
+        }
+
+        func_ = [min_val, max_val](std::string &input) {
+            T val;
+            bool converted = detail::lexical_cast(input, val);
+            if((!converted) || (val < min_val || val > max_val)) {
+                std::stringstream out;
+                out << "Value " << input << " not in range [";
+                out << min_val << " - " << max_val << "]";
+                return out.str();
+            }
+            return std::string{};
+        };
+    }
+
+    /// Range of one value is 0 to value
+    template <typename T>
+    explicit Range(T max_val, const std::string &validator_name = std::string{})
+        : Range(static_cast<T>(0), max_val, validator_name) {}
+};
+
+/// Check for a non negative number
+const Range NonNegativeNumber((std::numeric_limits<double>::max)(), "NONNEGATIVE");
+
+/// Check for a positive valued number (val>0.0), <double>::min  here is the smallest positive number
+const Range PositiveNumber((std::numeric_limits<double>::min)(), (std::numeric_limits<double>::max)(), "POSITIVE");
+
+/// Produce a bounded range (factory). Min and max are inclusive.
+class Bound : public Validator {
+  public:
+    /// This bounds a value with min and max inclusive.
+    ///
+    /// Note that the constructor is templated, but the struct is not, so C++17 is not
+    /// needed to provide nice syntax for Range(a,b).
+    template <typename T> Bound(T min_val, T max_val) {
+        std::stringstream out;
+        out << detail::type_name<T>() << " bounded to [" << min_val << " - " << max_val << "]";
+        description(out.str());
+
+        func_ = [min_val, max_val](std::string &input) {
+            T val;
+            bool converted = detail::lexical_cast(input, val);
+            if(!converted) {
+                return std::string("Value ") + input + " could not be converted";
+            }
+            if(val < min_val)
+                input = detail::to_string(min_val);
+            else if(val > max_val)
+                input = detail::to_string(max_val);
+
+            return std::string{};
+        };
+    }
+
+    /// Range of one value is 0 to value
+    template <typename T> explicit Bound(T max_val) : Bound(static_cast<T>(0), max_val) {}
+};
+
+namespace detail {
+template <typename T,
+          enable_if_t<is_copyable_ptr<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type>::value, detail::enabler> = detail::dummy>
+auto smart_deref(T value) -> decltype(*value) {
+    return *value;
+}
+
+template <
+    typename T,
+    enable_if_t<!is_copyable_ptr<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type>::value, detail::enabler> = detail::dummy>
+typename std::remove_reference<T>::type &smart_deref(T &value) {
+    return value;
+}
+/// Generate a string representation of a set
+template <typename T> std::string generate_set(const T &set) {
+    using element_t = typename detail::element_type<T>::type;
+    using iteration_type_t = typename detail::pair_adaptor<element_t>::value_type;  // the type of the object pair
+    std::string out(1, '{');
+    out.append(detail::join(
+        detail::smart_deref(set),
+        [](const iteration_type_t &v) { return detail::pair_adaptor<element_t>::first(v); },
+        ","));
+    out.push_back('}');
+    return out;
+}
+
+/// Generate a string representation of a map
+template <typename T> std::string generate_map(const T &map, bool key_only = false) {
+    using element_t = typename detail::element_type<T>::type;
+    using iteration_type_t = typename detail::pair_adaptor<element_t>::value_type;  // the type of the object pair
+    std::string out(1, '{');
+    out.append(detail::join(
+        detail::smart_deref(map),
+        [key_only](const iteration_type_t &v) {
+            std::string res{detail::to_string(detail::pair_adaptor<element_t>::first(v))};
+
+            if(!key_only) {
+                res.append("->");
+                res += detail::to_string(detail::pair_adaptor<element_t>::second(v));
+            }
+            return res;
+        },
+        ","));
+    out.push_back('}');
+    return out;
+}
+
+template <typename C, typename V> struct has_find {
+    template <typename CC, typename VV>
+    static auto test(int) -> decltype(std::declval<CC>().find(std::declval<VV>()), std::true_type());
+    template <typename, typename> static auto test(...) -> decltype(std::false_type());
+
+    static const auto value = decltype(test<C, V>(0))::value;
+    using type = std::integral_constant<bool, value>;
+};
+
+/// A search function
+template <typename T, typename V, enable_if_t<!has_find<T, V>::value, detail::enabler> = detail::dummy>
+auto search(const T &set, const V &val) -> std::pair<bool, decltype(std::begin(detail::smart_deref(set)))> {
+    using element_t = typename detail::element_type<T>::type;
+    auto &setref = detail::smart_deref(set);
+    auto it = std::find_if(std::begin(setref), std::end(setref), [&val](decltype(*std::begin(setref)) v) {
+        return (detail::pair_adaptor<element_t>::first(v) == val);
+    });
+    return {(it != std::end(setref)), it};
+}
+
+/// A search function that uses the built in find function
+template <typename T, typename V, enable_if_t<has_find<T, V>::value, detail::enabler> = detail::dummy>
+auto search(const T &set, const V &val) -> std::pair<bool, decltype(std::begin(detail::smart_deref(set)))> {
+    auto &setref = detail::smart_deref(set);
+    auto it = setref.find(val);
+    return {(it != std::end(setref)), it};
+}
+
+/// A search function with a filter function
+template <typename T, typename V>
+auto search(const T &set, const V &val, const std::function<V(V)> &filter_function)
+    -> std::pair<bool, decltype(std::begin(detail::smart_deref(set)))> {
+    using element_t = typename detail::element_type<T>::type;
+    // do the potentially faster first search
+    auto res = search(set, val);
+    if((res.first) || (!(filter_function))) {
+        return res;
+    }
+    // if we haven't found it do the longer linear search with all the element translations
+    auto &setref = detail::smart_deref(set);
+    auto it = std::find_if(std::begin(setref), std::end(setref), [&](decltype(*std::begin(setref)) v) {
+        V a{detail::pair_adaptor<element_t>::first(v)};
+        a = filter_function(a);
+        return (a == val);
+    });
+    return {(it != std::end(setref)), it};
+}
+
+// the following suggestion was made by Nikita Ofitserov(@himikof)
+// done in templates to prevent compiler warnings on negation of unsigned numbers
+
+/// Do a check for overflow on signed numbers
+template <typename T>
+inline typename std::enable_if<std::is_signed<T>::value, T>::type overflowCheck(const T &a, const T &b) {
+    if((a > 0) == (b > 0)) {
+        return ((std::numeric_limits<T>::max)() / (std::abs)(a) < (std::abs)(b));
+    }
+    return ((std::numeric_limits<T>::min)() / (std::abs)(a) > -(std::abs)(b));
+}
+/// Do a check for overflow on unsigned numbers
+template <typename T>
+inline typename std::enable_if<!std::is_signed<T>::value, T>::type overflowCheck(const T &a, const T &b) {
+    return ((std::numeric_limits<T>::max)() / a < b);
+}
+
+/// Performs a *= b; if it doesn't cause integer overflow. Returns false otherwise.
+template <typename T> typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<T>::value, bool>::type checked_multiply(T &a, T b) {
+    if(a == 0 || b == 0 || a == 1 || b == 1) {
+        a *= b;
+        return true;
+    }
+    if(a == (std::numeric_limits<T>::min)() || b == (std::numeric_limits<T>::min)()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if(overflowCheck(a, b)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    a *= b;
+    return true;
+}
+
+/// Performs a *= b; if it doesn't equal infinity. Returns false otherwise.
+template <typename T>
+typename std::enable_if<std::is_floating_point<T>::value, bool>::type checked_multiply(T &a, T b) {
+    T c = a * b;
+    if(std::isinf(c) && !std::isinf(a) && !std::isinf(b)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    a = c;
+    return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace detail
+/// Verify items are in a set
+class IsMember : public Validator {
+  public:
+    using filter_fn_t = std::function<std::string(std::string)>;
+
+    /// This allows in-place construction using an initializer list
+    template <typename T, typename... Args>
+    IsMember(std::initializer_list<T> values, Args &&...args)
+        : IsMember(std::vector<T>(values), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
+
+    /// This checks to see if an item is in a set (empty function)
+    template <typename T> explicit IsMember(T &&set) : IsMember(std::forward<T>(set), nullptr) {}
+
+    /// This checks to see if an item is in a set: pointer or copy version. You can pass in a function that will filter
+    /// both sides of the comparison before computing the comparison.
+    template <typename T, typename F> explicit IsMember(T set, F filter_function) {
+
+        // Get the type of the contained item - requires a container have ::value_type
+        // if the type does not have first_type and second_type, these are both value_type
+        using element_t = typename detail::element_type<T>::type;             // Removes (smart) pointers if needed
+        using item_t = typename detail::pair_adaptor<element_t>::first_type;  // Is value_type if not a map
+
+        using local_item_t = typename IsMemberType<item_t>::type;  // This will convert bad types to good ones
+                                                                   // (const char * to std::string)
+
+        // Make a local copy of the filter function, using a std::function if not one already
+        std::function<local_item_t(local_item_t)> filter_fn = filter_function;
+
+        // This is the type name for help, it will take the current version of the set contents
+        desc_function_ = [set]() { return detail::generate_set(detail::smart_deref(set)); };
+
+        // This is the function that validates
+        // It stores a copy of the set pointer-like, so shared_ptr will stay alive
+        func_ = [set, filter_fn](std::string &input) {
+            local_item_t b;
+            if(!detail::lexical_cast(input, b)) {
+                throw ValidationError(input);  // name is added later
+            }
+            if(filter_fn) {
+                b = filter_fn(b);
+            }
+            auto res = detail::search(set, b, filter_fn);
+            if(res.first) {
+                // Make sure the version in the input string is identical to the one in the set
+                if(filter_fn) {
+                    input = detail::value_string(detail::pair_adaptor<element_t>::first(*(res.second)));
+                }
+
+                // Return empty error string (success)
+                return std::string{};
+            }
+
+            // If you reach this point, the result was not found
+            return input + " not in " + detail::generate_set(detail::smart_deref(set));
+        };
+    }
+
+    /// You can pass in as many filter functions as you like, they nest (string only currently)
+    template <typename T, typename... Args>
+    IsMember(T &&set, filter_fn_t filter_fn_1, filter_fn_t filter_fn_2, Args &&...other)
+        : IsMember(
+              std::forward<T>(set),
+              [filter_fn_1, filter_fn_2](std::string a) { return filter_fn_2(filter_fn_1(a)); },
+              other...) {}
+};
+
+/// definition of the default transformation object
+template <typename T> using TransformPairs = std::vector<std::pair<std::string, T>>;
+
+/// Translate named items to other or a value set
+class Transformer : public Validator {
+  public:
+    using filter_fn_t = std::function<std::string(std::string)>;
+
+    /// This allows in-place construction
+    template <typename... Args>
+    Transformer(std::initializer_list<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> values, Args &&...args)
+        : Transformer(TransformPairs<std::string>(values), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
+
+    /// direct map of std::string to std::string
+    template <typename T> explicit Transformer(T &&mapping) : Transformer(std::forward<T>(mapping), nullptr) {}
+
+    /// This checks to see if an item is in a set: pointer or copy version. You can pass in a function that will filter
+    /// both sides of the comparison before computing the comparison.
+    template <typename T, typename F> explicit Transformer(T mapping, F filter_function) {
+
+        static_assert(detail::pair_adaptor<typename detail::element_type<T>::type>::value,
+                      "mapping must produce value pairs");
+        // Get the type of the contained item - requires a container have ::value_type
+        // if the type does not have first_type and second_type, these are both value_type
+        using element_t = typename detail::element_type<T>::type;             // Removes (smart) pointers if needed
+        using item_t = typename detail::pair_adaptor<element_t>::first_type;  // Is value_type if not a map
+        using local_item_t = typename IsMemberType<item_t>::type;             // Will convert bad types to good ones
+                                                                              // (const char * to std::string)
+
+        // Make a local copy of the filter function, using a std::function if not one already
+        std::function<local_item_t(local_item_t)> filter_fn = filter_function;
+
+        // This is the type name for help, it will take the current version of the set contents
+        desc_function_ = [mapping]() { return detail::generate_map(detail::smart_deref(mapping)); };
+
+        func_ = [mapping, filter_fn](std::string &input) {
+            local_item_t b;
+            if(!detail::lexical_cast(input, b)) {
+                return std::string();
+                // there is no possible way we can match anything in the mapping if we can't convert so just return
+            }
+            if(filter_fn) {
+                b = filter_fn(b);
+            }
+            auto res = detail::search(mapping, b, filter_fn);
+            if(res.first) {
+                input = detail::value_string(detail::pair_adaptor<element_t>::second(*res.second));
+            }
+            return std::string{};
+        };
+    }
+
+    /// You can pass in as many filter functions as you like, they nest
+    template <typename T, typename... Args>
+    Transformer(T &&mapping, filter_fn_t filter_fn_1, filter_fn_t filter_fn_2, Args &&...other)
+        : Transformer(
+              std::forward<T>(mapping),
+              [filter_fn_1, filter_fn_2](std::string a) { return filter_fn_2(filter_fn_1(a)); },
+              other...) {}
+};
+
+/// translate named items to other or a value set
+class CheckedTransformer : public Validator {
+  public:
+    using filter_fn_t = std::function<std::string(std::string)>;
+
+    /// This allows in-place construction
+    template <typename... Args>
+    CheckedTransformer(std::initializer_list<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> values, Args &&...args)
+        : CheckedTransformer(TransformPairs<std::string>(values), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
+
+    /// direct map of std::string to std::string
+    template <typename T> explicit CheckedTransformer(T mapping) : CheckedTransformer(std::move(mapping), nullptr) {}
+
+    /// This checks to see if an item is in a set: pointer or copy version. You can pass in a function that will filter
+    /// both sides of the comparison before computing the comparison.
+    template <typename T, typename F> explicit CheckedTransformer(T mapping, F filter_function) {
+
+        static_assert(detail::pair_adaptor<typename detail::element_type<T>::type>::value,
+                      "mapping must produce value pairs");
+        // Get the type of the contained item - requires a container have ::value_type
+        // if the type does not have first_type and second_type, these are both value_type
+        using element_t = typename detail::element_type<T>::type;             // Removes (smart) pointers if needed
+        using item_t = typename detail::pair_adaptor<element_t>::first_type;  // Is value_type if not a map
+        using local_item_t = typename IsMemberType<item_t>::type;             // Will convert bad types to good ones
+                                                                              // (const char * to std::string)
+        using iteration_type_t = typename detail::pair_adaptor<element_t>::value_type;  // the type of the object pair
+
+        // Make a local copy of the filter function, using a std::function if not one already
+        std::function<local_item_t(local_item_t)> filter_fn = filter_function;
+
+        auto tfunc = [mapping]() {
+            std::string out("value in ");
+            out += detail::generate_map(detail::smart_deref(mapping)) + " OR {";
+            out += detail::join(
+                detail::smart_deref(mapping),
+                [](const iteration_type_t &v) { return detail::to_string(detail::pair_adaptor<element_t>::second(v)); },
+                ",");
+            out.push_back('}');
+            return out;
+        };
+
+        desc_function_ = tfunc;
+
+        func_ = [mapping, tfunc, filter_fn](std::string &input) {
+            local_item_t b;
+            bool converted = detail::lexical_cast(input, b);
+            if(converted) {
+                if(filter_fn) {
+                    b = filter_fn(b);
+                }
+                auto res = detail::search(mapping, b, filter_fn);
+                if(res.first) {
+                    input = detail::value_string(detail::pair_adaptor<element_t>::second(*res.second));
+                    return std::string{};
+                }
+            }
+            for(const auto &v : detail::smart_deref(mapping)) {
+                auto output_string = detail::value_string(detail::pair_adaptor<element_t>::second(v));
+                if(output_string == input) {
+                    return std::string();
+                }
+            }
+
+            return "Check " + input + " " + tfunc() + " FAILED";
+        };
+    }
+
+    /// You can pass in as many filter functions as you like, they nest
+    template <typename T, typename... Args>
+    CheckedTransformer(T &&mapping, filter_fn_t filter_fn_1, filter_fn_t filter_fn_2, Args &&...other)
+        : CheckedTransformer(
+              std::forward<T>(mapping),
+              [filter_fn_1, filter_fn_2](std::string a) { return filter_fn_2(filter_fn_1(a)); },
+              other...) {}
+};
+
+/// Helper function to allow ignore_case to be passed to IsMember or Transform
+inline std::string ignore_case(std::string item) { return detail::to_lower(item); }
+
+/// Helper function to allow ignore_underscore to be passed to IsMember or Transform
+inline std::string ignore_underscore(std::string item) { return detail::remove_underscore(item); }
+
+/// Helper function to allow checks to ignore spaces to be passed to IsMember or Transform
+inline std::string ignore_space(std::string item) {
+    item.erase(std::remove(std::begin(item), std::end(item), ' '), std::end(item));
+    item.erase(std::remove(std::begin(item), std::end(item), '\t'), std::end(item));
+    return item;
+}
+
+/// Multiply a number by a factor using given mapping.
+/// Can be used to write transforms for SIZE or DURATION inputs.
+///
+/// Example:
+///   With mapping = `{"b"->1, "kb"->1024, "mb"->1024*1024}`
+///   one can recognize inputs like "100", "12kb", "100 MB",
+///   that will be automatically transformed to 100, 14448, 104857600.
+///
+/// Output number type matches the type in the provided mapping.
+/// Therefore, if it is required to interpret real inputs like "0.42 s",
+/// the mapping should be of a type <string, float> or <string, double>.
+class AsNumberWithUnit : public Validator {
+  public:
+    /// Adjust AsNumberWithUnit behavior.
+    /// CASE_SENSITIVE/CASE_INSENSITIVE controls how units are matched.
+    /// UNIT_OPTIONAL/UNIT_REQUIRED throws ValidationError
+    ///   if UNIT_REQUIRED is set and unit literal is not found.
+    enum Options {
+        CASE_SENSITIVE = 0,
+        CASE_INSENSITIVE = 1,
+        UNIT_OPTIONAL = 0,
+        UNIT_REQUIRED = 2,
+        DEFAULT = CASE_INSENSITIVE | UNIT_OPTIONAL
+    };
+
+    template <typename Number>
+    explicit AsNumberWithUnit(std::map<std::string, Number> mapping,
+                              Options opts = DEFAULT,
+                              const std::string &unit_name = "UNIT") {
+        description(generate_description<Number>(unit_name, opts));
+        validate_mapping(mapping, opts);
+
+        // transform function
+        func_ = [mapping, opts](std::string &input) -> std::string {
+            Number num;
+
+            detail::rtrim(input);
+            if(input.empty()) {
+                throw ValidationError("Input is empty");
+            }
+
+            // Find split position between number and prefix
+            auto unit_begin = input.end();
+            while(unit_begin > input.begin() && std::isalpha(*(unit_begin - 1), std::locale())) {
+                --unit_begin;
+            }
+
+            std::string unit{unit_begin, input.end()};
+            input.resize(static_cast<std::size_t>(std::distance(input.begin(), unit_begin)));
+            detail::trim(input);
+
+            if(opts & UNIT_REQUIRED && unit.empty()) {
+                throw ValidationError("Missing mandatory unit");
+            }
+            if(opts & CASE_INSENSITIVE) {
+                unit = detail::to_lower(unit);
+            }
+            if(unit.empty()) {
+                if(!detail::lexical_cast(input, num)) {
+                    throw ValidationError(std::string("Value ") + input + " could not be converted to " +
+                                          detail::type_name<Number>());
+                }
+                // No need to modify input if no unit passed
+                return {};
+            }
+
+            // find corresponding factor
+            auto it = mapping.find(unit);
+            if(it == mapping.end()) {
+                throw ValidationError(unit +
+                                      " unit not recognized. "
+                                      "Allowed values: " +
+                                      detail::generate_map(mapping, true));
+            }
+
+            if(!input.empty()) {
+                bool converted = detail::lexical_cast(input, num);
+                if(!converted) {
+                    throw ValidationError(std::string("Value ") + input + " could not be converted to " +
+                                          detail::type_name<Number>());
+                }
+                // perform safe multiplication
+                bool ok = detail::checked_multiply(num, it->second);
+                if(!ok) {
+                    throw ValidationError(detail::to_string(num) + " multiplied by " + unit +
+                                          " factor would cause number overflow. Use smaller value.");
+                }
+            } else {
+                num = static_cast<Number>(it->second);
+            }
+
+            input = detail::to_string(num);
+
+            return {};
+        };
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /// Check that mapping contains valid units.
+    /// Update mapping for CASE_INSENSITIVE mode.
+    template <typename Number> static void validate_mapping(std::map<std::string, Number> &mapping, Options opts) {
+        for(auto &kv : mapping) {
+            if(kv.first.empty()) {
+                throw ValidationError("Unit must not be empty.");
+            }
+            if(!detail::isalpha(kv.first)) {
+                throw ValidationError("Unit must contain only letters.");
+            }
+        }
+
+        // make all units lowercase if CASE_INSENSITIVE
+        if(opts & CASE_INSENSITIVE) {
+            std::map<std::string, Number> lower_mapping;
+            for(auto &kv : mapping) {
+                auto s = detail::to_lower(kv.first);
+                if(lower_mapping.count(s)) {
+                    throw ValidationError(std::string("Several matching lowercase unit representations are found: ") +
+                                          s);
+                }
+                lower_mapping[detail::to_lower(kv.first)] = kv.second;
+            }
+            mapping = std::move(lower_mapping);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Generate description like this: NUMBER [UNIT]
+    template <typename Number> static std::string generate_description(const std::string &name, Options opts) {
+        std::stringstream out;
+        out << detail::type_name<Number>() << ' ';
+        if(opts & UNIT_REQUIRED) {
+            out << name;
+        } else {
+            out << '[' << name << ']';
+        }
+        return out.str();
+    }
+};
+
+inline AsNumberWithUnit::Options operator|(const AsNumberWithUnit::Options &a, const AsNumberWithUnit::Options &b) {
+    return static_cast<AsNumberWithUnit::Options>(static_cast<int>(a) | static_cast<int>(b));
+}
+
+/// Converts a human-readable size string (with unit literal) to uin64_t size.
+/// Example:
+///   "100" => 100
+///   "1 b" => 100
+///   "10Kb" => 10240 // you can configure this to be interpreted as kilobyte (*1000) or kibibyte (*1024)
+///   "10 KB" => 10240
+///   "10 kb" => 10240
+///   "10 kib" => 10240 // *i, *ib are always interpreted as *bibyte (*1024)
+///   "10kb" => 10240
+///   "2 MB" => 2097152
+///   "2 EiB" => 2^61 // Units up to exibyte are supported
+class AsSizeValue : public AsNumberWithUnit {
+  public:
+    using result_t = std::uint64_t;
+
+    /// If kb_is_1000 is true,
+    /// interpret 'kb', 'k' as 1000 and 'kib', 'ki' as 1024
+    /// (same applies to higher order units as well).
+    /// Otherwise, interpret all literals as factors of 1024.
+    /// The first option is formally correct, but
+    /// the second interpretation is more wide-spread
+    /// (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_prefix).
+    explicit AsSizeValue(bool kb_is_1000);
+
+  private:
+    /// Get <size unit, factor> mapping
+    static std::map<std::string, result_t> init_mapping(bool kb_is_1000);
+
+    /// Cache calculated mapping
+    static std::map<std::string, result_t> get_mapping(bool kb_is_1000);
+};
+
+namespace detail {
+/// Split a string into a program name and command line arguments
+/// the string is assumed to contain a file name followed by other arguments
+/// the return value contains is a pair with the first argument containing the program name and the second
+/// everything else.
+CLI11_INLINE std::pair<std::string, std::string> split_program_name(std::string commandline);
+
+}  // namespace detail
+/// @}
+
+// [CLI11:validators_hpp:end]
+}  // namespace CLI
+
+#ifndef CLI11_COMPILE
+#include "impl/Validators_inl.hpp"
+#endif

libs/cli11/include/CLI/Version.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017-2022, University of Cincinnati, developed by Henry Schreiner
+// under NSF AWARD 1414736 and by the respective contributors.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+#pragma once
+
+// [CLI11:version_hpp:verbatim]
+
+#define CLI11_VERSION_MAJOR 2
+#define CLI11_VERSION_MINOR 2
+#define CLI11_VERSION_PATCH 0
+#define CLI11_VERSION "2.2.0"
+
+// [CLI11:version_hpp:end]

libs/cli11/include/CLI/impl/Config_inl.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,394 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017-2022, University of Cincinnati, developed by Henry Schreiner
+// under NSF AWARD 1414736 and by the respective contributors.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+#pragma once
+
+// This include is only needed for IDEs to discover symbols
+#include <CLI/Config.hpp>
+
+// [CLI11:public_includes:set]
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+// [CLI11:public_includes:end]
+
+namespace CLI {
+// [CLI11:config_inl_hpp:verbatim]
+
+namespace detail {
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::string convert_arg_for_ini(const std::string &arg, char stringQuote, char characterQuote) {
+    if(arg.empty()) {
+        return std::string(2, stringQuote);
+    }
+    // some specifically supported strings
+    if(arg == "true" || arg == "false" || arg == "nan" || arg == "inf") {
+        return arg;
+    }
+    // floating point conversion can convert some hex codes, but don't try that here
+    if(arg.compare(0, 2, "0x") != 0 && arg.compare(0, 2, "0X") != 0) {
+        double val = 0.0;
+        if(detail::lexical_cast(arg, val)) {
+            return arg;
+        }
+    }
+    // just quote a single non numeric character
+    if(arg.size() == 1) {
+        return std::string(1, characterQuote) + arg + characterQuote;
+    }
+    // handle hex, binary or octal arguments
+    if(arg.front() == '0') {
+        if(arg[1] == 'x') {
+            if(std::all_of(arg.begin() + 2, arg.end(), [](char x) {
+                   return (x >= '0' && x <= '9') || (x >= 'A' && x <= 'F') || (x >= 'a' && x <= 'f');
+               })) {
+                return arg;
+            }
+        } else if(arg[1] == 'o') {
+            if(std::all_of(arg.begin() + 2, arg.end(), [](char x) { return (x >= '0' && x <= '7'); })) {
+                return arg;
+            }
+        } else if(arg[1] == 'b') {
+            if(std::all_of(arg.begin() + 2, arg.end(), [](char x) { return (x == '0' || x == '1'); })) {
+                return arg;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if(arg.find_first_of(stringQuote) == std::string::npos) {
+        return std::string(1, stringQuote) + arg + stringQuote;
+    }
+    return characterQuote + arg + characterQuote;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::string ini_join(const std::vector<std::string> &args,
+                                  char sepChar,
+                                  char arrayStart,
+                                  char arrayEnd,
+                                  char stringQuote,
+                                  char characterQuote) {
+    std::string joined;
+    if(args.size() > 1 && arrayStart != '\0') {
+        joined.push_back(arrayStart);
+    }
+    std::size_t start = 0;
+    for(const auto &arg : args) {
+        if(start++ > 0) {
+            joined.push_back(sepChar);
+            if(!std::isspace<char>(sepChar, std::locale())) {
+                joined.push_back(' ');
+            }
+        }
+        joined.append(convert_arg_for_ini(arg, stringQuote, characterQuote));
+    }
+    if(args.size() > 1 && arrayEnd != '\0') {
+        joined.push_back(arrayEnd);
+    }
+    return joined;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::vector<std::string>
+generate_parents(const std::string &section, std::string &name, char parentSeparator) {
+    std::vector<std::string> parents;
+    if(detail::to_lower(section) != "default") {
+        if(section.find(parentSeparator) != std::string::npos) {
+            parents = detail::split(section, parentSeparator);
+        } else {
+            parents = {section};
+        }
+    }
+    if(name.find(parentSeparator) != std::string::npos) {
+        std::vector<std::string> plist = detail::split(name, parentSeparator);
+        name = plist.back();
+        detail::remove_quotes(name);
+        plist.pop_back();
+        parents.insert(parents.end(), plist.begin(), plist.end());
+    }
+
+    // clean up quotes on the parents
+    for(auto &parent : parents) {
+        detail::remove_quotes(parent);
+    }
+    return parents;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE void
+checkParentSegments(std::vector<ConfigItem> &output, const std::string &currentSection, char parentSeparator) {
+
+    std::string estring;
+    auto parents = detail::generate_parents(currentSection, estring, parentSeparator);
+    if(!output.empty() && output.back().name == "--") {
+        std::size_t msize = (parents.size() > 1U) ? parents.size() : 2;
+        while(output.back().parents.size() >= msize) {
+            output.push_back(output.back());
+            output.back().parents.pop_back();
+        }
+
+        if(parents.size() > 1) {
+            std::size_t common = 0;
+            std::size_t mpair = (std::min)(output.back().parents.size(), parents.size() - 1);
+            for(std::size_t ii = 0; ii < mpair; ++ii) {
+                if(output.back().parents[ii] != parents[ii]) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                ++common;
+            }
+            if(common == mpair) {
+                output.pop_back();
+            } else {
+                while(output.back().parents.size() > common + 1) {
+                    output.push_back(output.back());
+                    output.back().parents.pop_back();
+                }
+            }
+            for(std::size_t ii = common; ii < parents.size() - 1; ++ii) {
+                output.emplace_back();
+                output.back().parents.assign(parents.begin(), parents.begin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(ii) + 1);
+                output.back().name = "++";
+            }
+        }
+    } else if(parents.size() > 1) {
+        for(std::size_t ii = 0; ii < parents.size() - 1; ++ii) {
+            output.emplace_back();
+            output.back().parents.assign(parents.begin(), parents.begin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(ii) + 1);
+            output.back().name = "++";
+        }
+    }
+
+    // insert a section end which is just an empty items_buffer
+    output.emplace_back();
+    output.back().parents = std::move(parents);
+    output.back().name = "++";
+}
+}  // namespace detail
+
+inline std::vector<ConfigItem> ConfigBase::from_config(std::istream &input) const {
+    std::string line;
+    std::string currentSection = "default";
+    std::string previousSection = "default";
+    std::vector<ConfigItem> output;
+    bool isDefaultArray = (arrayStart == '[' && arrayEnd == ']' && arraySeparator == ',');
+    bool isINIArray = (arrayStart == '\0' || arrayStart == ' ') && arrayStart == arrayEnd;
+    bool inSection{false};
+    char aStart = (isINIArray) ? '[' : arrayStart;
+    char aEnd = (isINIArray) ? ']' : arrayEnd;
+    char aSep = (isINIArray && arraySeparator == ' ') ? ',' : arraySeparator;
+    int currentSectionIndex{0};
+    while(getline(input, line)) {
+        std::vector<std::string> items_buffer;
+        std::string name;
+
+        detail::trim(line);
+        std::size_t len = line.length();
+        // lines have to be at least 3 characters to have any meaning to CLI just skip the rest
+        if(len < 3) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if(line.front() == '[' && line.back() == ']') {
+            if(currentSection != "default") {
+                // insert a section end which is just an empty items_buffer
+                output.emplace_back();
+                output.back().parents = detail::generate_parents(currentSection, name, parentSeparatorChar);
+                output.back().name = "--";
+            }
+            currentSection = line.substr(1, len - 2);
+            // deal with double brackets for TOML
+            if(currentSection.size() > 1 && currentSection.front() == '[' && currentSection.back() == ']') {
+                currentSection = currentSection.substr(1, currentSection.size() - 2);
+            }
+            if(detail::to_lower(currentSection) == "default") {
+                currentSection = "default";
+            } else {
+                detail::checkParentSegments(output, currentSection, parentSeparatorChar);
+            }
+            inSection = false;
+            if(currentSection == previousSection) {
+                ++currentSectionIndex;
+            } else {
+                currentSectionIndex = 0;
+                previousSection = currentSection;
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // comment lines
+        if(line.front() == ';' || line.front() == '#' || line.front() == commentChar) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Find = in string, split and recombine
+        auto pos = line.find(valueDelimiter);
+        if(pos != std::string::npos) {
+            name = detail::trim_copy(line.substr(0, pos));
+            std::string item = detail::trim_copy(line.substr(pos + 1));
+            auto cloc = item.find(commentChar);
+            if(cloc != std::string::npos) {
+                item.erase(cloc, std::string::npos);  // NOLINT(readability-suspicious-call-argument)
+                detail::trim(item);
+            }
+            if(item.size() > 1 && item.front() == aStart) {
+                for(std::string multiline; item.back() != aEnd && std::getline(input, multiline);) {
+                    detail::trim(multiline);
+                    item += multiline;
+                }
+                items_buffer = detail::split_up(item.substr(1, item.length() - 2), aSep);
+            } else if((isDefaultArray || isINIArray) && item.find_first_of(aSep) != std::string::npos) {
+                items_buffer = detail::split_up(item, aSep);
+            } else if((isDefaultArray || isINIArray) && item.find_first_of(' ') != std::string::npos) {
+                items_buffer = detail::split_up(item);
+            } else {
+                items_buffer = {item};
+            }
+        } else {
+            name = detail::trim_copy(line);
+            auto cloc = name.find(commentChar);
+            if(cloc != std::string::npos) {
+                name.erase(cloc, std::string::npos);  // NOLINT(readability-suspicious-call-argument)
+                detail::trim(name);
+            }
+
+            items_buffer = {"true"};
+        }
+        if(name.find(parentSeparatorChar) == std::string::npos) {
+            detail::remove_quotes(name);
+        }
+        // clean up quotes on the items
+        for(auto &it : items_buffer) {
+            detail::remove_quotes(it);
+        }
+
+        std::vector<std::string> parents = detail::generate_parents(currentSection, name, parentSeparatorChar);
+        if(parents.size() > maximumLayers) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if(!configSection.empty() && !inSection) {
+            if(parents.empty() || parents.front() != configSection) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if(configIndex >= 0 && currentSectionIndex != configIndex) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            parents.erase(parents.begin());
+            inSection = true;
+        }
+        if(!output.empty() && name == output.back().name && parents == output.back().parents) {
+            output.back().inputs.insert(output.back().inputs.end(), items_buffer.begin(), items_buffer.end());
+        } else {
+            output.emplace_back();
+            output.back().parents = std::move(parents);
+            output.back().name = std::move(name);
+            output.back().inputs = std::move(items_buffer);
+        }
+    }
+    if(currentSection != "default") {
+        // insert a section end which is just an empty items_buffer
+        std::string ename;
+        output.emplace_back();
+        output.back().parents = detail::generate_parents(currentSection, ename, parentSeparatorChar);
+        output.back().name = "--";
+        while(output.back().parents.size() > 1) {
+            output.push_back(output.back());
+            output.back().parents.pop_back();
+        }
+    }
+    return output;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::string
+ConfigBase::to_config(const App *app, bool default_also, bool write_description, std::string prefix) const {
+    std::stringstream out;
+    std::string commentLead;
+    commentLead.push_back(commentChar);
+    commentLead.push_back(' ');
+
+    std::vector<std::string> groups = app->get_groups();
+    bool defaultUsed = false;
+    groups.insert(groups.begin(), std::string("Options"));
+    if(write_description && (app->get_configurable() || app->get_parent() == nullptr || app->get_name().empty())) {
+        out << commentLead << detail::fix_newlines(commentLead, app->get_description()) << '\n';
+    }
+    for(auto &group : groups) {
+        if(group == "Options" || group.empty()) {
+            if(defaultUsed) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            defaultUsed = true;
+        }
+        if(write_description && group != "Options" && !group.empty()) {
+            out << '\n' << commentLead << group << " Options\n";
+        }
+        for(const Option *opt : app->get_options({})) {
+
+            // Only process options that are configurable
+            if(opt->get_configurable()) {
+                if(opt->get_group() != group) {
+                    if(!(group == "Options" && opt->get_group().empty())) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+                std::string name = prefix + opt->get_single_name();
+                std::string value = detail::ini_join(
+                    opt->reduced_results(), arraySeparator, arrayStart, arrayEnd, stringQuote, characterQuote);
+
+                if(value.empty() && default_also) {
+                    if(!opt->get_default_str().empty()) {
+                        value = detail::convert_arg_for_ini(opt->get_default_str(), stringQuote, characterQuote);
+                    } else if(opt->get_expected_min() == 0) {
+                        value = "false";
+                    } else if(opt->get_run_callback_for_default()) {
+                        value = "\"\"";  // empty string default value
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if(!value.empty()) {
+                    if(!opt->get_fnames().empty()) {
+                        value = opt->get_flag_value(name, value);
+                    }
+                    if(write_description && opt->has_description()) {
+                        out << '\n';
+                        out << commentLead << detail::fix_newlines(commentLead, opt->get_description()) << '\n';
+                    }
+                    out << name << valueDelimiter << value << '\n';
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    auto subcommands = app->get_subcommands({});
+    for(const App *subcom : subcommands) {
+        if(subcom->get_name().empty()) {
+            if(write_description && !subcom->get_group().empty()) {
+                out << '\n' << commentLead << subcom->get_group() << " Options\n";
+            }
+            out << to_config(subcom, default_also, write_description, prefix);
+        }
+    }
+
+    for(const App *subcom : subcommands) {
+        if(!subcom->get_name().empty()) {
+            if(subcom->get_configurable() && app->got_subcommand(subcom)) {
+                if(!prefix.empty() || app->get_parent() == nullptr) {
+                    out << '[' << prefix << subcom->get_name() << "]\n";
+                } else {
+                    std::string subname = app->get_name() + parentSeparatorChar + subcom->get_name();
+                    const auto *p = app->get_parent();
+                    while(p->get_parent() != nullptr) {
+                        subname = p->get_name() + parentSeparatorChar + subname;
+                        p = p->get_parent();
+                    }
+                    out << '[' << subname << "]\n";
+                }
+                out << to_config(subcom, default_also, write_description, "");
+            } else {
+                out << to_config(
+                    subcom, default_also, write_description, prefix + subcom->get_name() + parentSeparatorChar);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return out.str();
+}
+// [CLI11:config_inl_hpp:end]
+}  // namespace CLI

libs/cli11/include/CLI/impl/Formatter_inl.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017-2022, University of Cincinnati, developed by Henry Schreiner
+// under NSF AWARD 1414736 and by the respective contributors.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+#pragma once
+
+// This include is only needed for IDEs to discover symbols
+#include <CLI/Formatter.hpp>
+
+// [CLI11:public_includes:set]
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+// [CLI11:public_includes:end]
+
+namespace CLI {
+// [CLI11:formatter_inl_hpp:verbatim]
+CLI11_INLINE std::string
+Formatter::make_group(std::string group, bool is_positional, std::vector<const Option *> opts) const {
+    std::stringstream out;
+
+    out << "\n" << group << ":\n";
+    for(const Option *opt : opts) {
+        out << make_option(opt, is_positional);
+    }
+
+    return out.str();
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::string Formatter::make_positionals(const App *app) const {
+    std::vector<const Option *> opts =
+        app->get_options([](const Option *opt) { return !opt->get_group().empty() && opt->get_positional(); });
+
+    if(opts.empty())
+        return {};
+
+    return make_group(get_label("Positionals"), true, opts);
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::string Formatter::make_groups(const App *app, AppFormatMode mode) const {
+    std::stringstream out;
+    std::vector<std::string> groups = app->get_groups();
+
+    // Options
+    for(const std::string &group : groups) {
+        std::vector<const Option *> opts = app->get_options([app, mode, &group](const Option *opt) {
+            return opt->get_group() == group                     // Must be in the right group
+                   && opt->nonpositional()                       // Must not be a positional
+                   && (mode != AppFormatMode::Sub                // If mode is Sub, then
+                       || (app->get_help_ptr() != opt            // Ignore help pointer
+                           && app->get_help_all_ptr() != opt));  // Ignore help all pointer
+        });
+        if(!group.empty() && !opts.empty()) {
+            out << make_group(group, false, opts);
+
+            if(group != groups.back())
+                out << "\n";
+        }
+    }
+
+    return out.str();
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::string Formatter::make_description(const App *app) const {
+    std::string desc = app->get_description();
+    auto min_options = app->get_require_option_min();
+    auto max_options = app->get_require_option_max();
+    if(app->get_required()) {
+        desc += " REQUIRED ";
+    }
+    if((max_options == min_options) && (min_options > 0)) {
+        if(min_options == 1) {
+            desc += " \n[Exactly 1 of the following options is required]";
+        } else {
+            desc += " \n[Exactly " + std::to_string(min_options) + "options from the following list are required]";
+        }
+    } else if(max_options > 0) {
+        if(min_options > 0) {
+            desc += " \n[Between " + std::to_string(min_options) + " and " + std::to_string(max_options) +
+                    " of the follow options are required]";
+        } else {
+            desc += " \n[At most " + std::to_string(max_options) + " of the following options are allowed]";
+        }
+    } else if(min_options > 0) {
+        desc += " \n[At least " + std::to_string(min_options) + " of the following options are required]";
+    }
+    return (!desc.empty()) ? desc + "\n" : std::string{};
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::string Formatter::make_usage(const App *app, std::string name) const {
+    std::stringstream out;
+
+    out << get_label("Usage") << ":" << (name.empty() ? "" : " ") << name;
+
+    std::vector<std::string> groups = app->get_groups();
+
+    // Print an Options badge if any options exist
+    std::vector<const Option *> non_pos_options =
+        app->get_options([](const Option *opt) { return opt->nonpositional(); });
+    if(!non_pos_options.empty())
+        out << " [" << get_label("OPTIONS") << "]";
+
+    // Positionals need to be listed here
+    std::vector<const Option *> positionals = app->get_options([](const Option *opt) { return opt->get_positional(); });
+
+    // Print out positionals if any are left
+    if(!positionals.empty()) {
+        // Convert to help names
+        std::vector<std::string> positional_names(positionals.size());
+        std::transform(positionals.begin(), positionals.end(), positional_names.begin(), [this](const Option *opt) {
+            return make_option_usage(opt);
+        });
+
+        out << " " << detail::join(positional_names, " ");
+    }
+
+    // Add a marker if subcommands are expected or optional
+    if(!app->get_subcommands(
+               [](const CLI::App *subc) { return ((!subc->get_disabled()) && (!subc->get_name().empty())); })
+            .empty()) {
+        out << " " << (app->get_require_subcommand_min() == 0 ? "[" : "")
+            << get_label(app->get_require_subcommand_max() < 2 || app->get_require_subcommand_min() > 1 ? "SUBCOMMAND"
+                                                                                                        : "SUBCOMMANDS")
+            << (app->get_require_subcommand_min() == 0 ? "]" : "");
+    }
+
+    out << std::endl;
+
+    return out.str();
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::string Formatter::make_footer(const App *app) const {
+    std::string footer = app->get_footer();
+    if(footer.empty()) {
+        return std::string{};
+    }
+    return footer + "\n";
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::string Formatter::make_help(const App *app, std::string name, AppFormatMode mode) const {
+
+    // This immediately forwards to the make_expanded method. This is done this way so that subcommands can
+    // have overridden formatters
+    if(mode == AppFormatMode::Sub)
+        return make_expanded(app);
+
+    std::stringstream out;
+    if((app->get_name().empty()) && (app->get_parent() != nullptr)) {
+        if(app->get_group() != "Subcommands") {
+            out << app->get_group() << ':';
+        }
+    }
+
+    out << make_description(app);
+    out << make_usage(app, name);
+    out << make_positionals(app);
+    out << make_groups(app, mode);
+    out << make_subcommands(app, mode);
+    out << '\n' << make_footer(app);
+
+    return out.str();
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::string Formatter::make_subcommands(const App *app, AppFormatMode mode) const {
+    std::stringstream out;
+
+    std::vector<const App *> subcommands = app->get_subcommands({});
+
+    // Make a list in definition order of the groups seen
+    std::vector<std::string> subcmd_groups_seen;
+    for(const App *com : subcommands) {
+        if(com->get_name().empty()) {
+            if(!com->get_group().empty()) {
+                out << make_expanded(com);
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+        std::string group_key = com->get_group();
+        if(!group_key.empty() &&
+           std::find_if(subcmd_groups_seen.begin(), subcmd_groups_seen.end(), [&group_key](std::string a) {
+               return detail::to_lower(a) == detail::to_lower(group_key);
+           }) == subcmd_groups_seen.end())
+            subcmd_groups_seen.push_back(group_key);
+    }
+
+    // For each group, filter out and print subcommands
+    for(const std::string &group : subcmd_groups_seen) {
+        out << "\n" << group << ":\n";
+        std::vector<const App *> subcommands_group = app->get_subcommands(
+            [&group](const App *sub_app) { return detail::to_lower(sub_app->get_group()) == detail::to_lower(group); });
+        for(const App *new_com : subcommands_group) {
+            if(new_com->get_name().empty())
+                continue;
+            if(mode != AppFormatMode::All) {
+                out << make_subcommand(new_com);
+            } else {
+                out << new_com->help(new_com->get_name(), AppFormatMode::Sub);
+                out << "\n";
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return out.str();
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::string Formatter::make_subcommand(const App *sub) const {
+    std::stringstream out;
+    detail::format_help(out, sub->get_display_name(true), sub->get_description(), column_width_);
+    return out.str();
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::string Formatter::make_expanded(const App *sub) const {
+    std::stringstream out;
+    out << sub->get_display_name(true) << "\n";
+
+    out << make_description(sub);
+    if(sub->get_name().empty() && !sub->get_aliases().empty()) {
+        detail::format_aliases(out, sub->get_aliases(), column_width_ + 2);
+    }
+    out << make_positionals(sub);
+    out << make_groups(sub, AppFormatMode::Sub);
+    out << make_subcommands(sub, AppFormatMode::Sub);
+
+    // Drop blank spaces
+    std::string tmp = detail::find_and_replace(out.str(), "\n\n", "\n");
+    tmp = tmp.substr(0, tmp.size() - 1);  // Remove the final '\n'
+
+    // Indent all but the first line (the name)
+    return detail::find_and_replace(tmp, "\n", "\n  ") + "\n";
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::string Formatter::make_option_name(const Option *opt, bool is_positional) const {
+    if(is_positional)
+        return opt->get_name(true, false);
+
+    return opt->get_name(false, true);
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::string Formatter::make_option_opts(const Option *opt) const {
+    std::stringstream out;
+
+    if(!opt->get_option_text().empty()) {
+        out << " " << opt->get_option_text();
+    } else {
+        if(opt->get_type_size() != 0) {
+            if(!opt->get_type_name().empty())
+                out << " " << get_label(opt->get_type_name());
+            if(!opt->get_default_str().empty())
+                out << " [" << opt->get_default_str() << "] ";
+            if(opt->get_expected_max() == detail::expected_max_vector_size)
+                out << " ...";
+            else if(opt->get_expected_min() > 1)
+                out << " x " << opt->get_expected();
+
+            if(opt->get_required())
+                out << " " << get_label("REQUIRED");
+        }
+        if(!opt->get_envname().empty())
+            out << " (" << get_label("Env") << ":" << opt->get_envname() << ")";
+        if(!opt->get_needs().empty()) {
+            out << " " << get_label("Needs") << ":";
+            for(const Option *op : opt->get_needs())
+                out << " " << op->get_name();
+        }
+        if(!opt->get_excludes().empty()) {
+            out << " " << get_label("Excludes") << ":";
+            for(const Option *op : opt->get_excludes())
+                out << " " << op->get_name();
+        }
+    }
+    return out.str();
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::string Formatter::make_option_desc(const Option *opt) const { return opt->get_description(); }
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::string Formatter::make_option_usage(const Option *opt) const {
+    // Note that these are positionals usages
+    std::stringstream out;
+    out << make_option_name(opt, true);
+    if(opt->get_expected_max() >= detail::expected_max_vector_size)
+        out << "...";
+    else if(opt->get_expected_max() > 1)
+        out << "(" << opt->get_expected() << "x)";
+
+    return opt->get_required() ? out.str() : "[" + out.str() + "]";
+}
+// [CLI11:formatter_inl_hpp:end]
+}  // namespace CLI

libs/cli11/include/CLI/impl/Option_inl.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,653 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017-2022, University of Cincinnati, developed by Henry Schreiner
+// under NSF AWARD 1414736 and by the respective contributors.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+#pragma once
+
+// This include is only needed for IDEs to discover symbols
+#include <CLI/Option.hpp>
+
+// [CLI11:public_includes:set]
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+// [CLI11:public_includes:end]
+
+namespace CLI {
+// [CLI11:option_inl_hpp:verbatim]
+
+template <typename CRTP> template <typename T> void OptionBase<CRTP>::copy_to(T *other) const {
+    other->group(group_);
+    other->required(required_);
+    other->ignore_case(ignore_case_);
+    other->ignore_underscore(ignore_underscore_);
+    other->configurable(configurable_);
+    other->disable_flag_override(disable_flag_override_);
+    other->delimiter(delimiter_);
+    other->always_capture_default(always_capture_default_);
+    other->multi_option_policy(multi_option_policy_);
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE Option *Option::expected(int value) {
+    if(value < 0) {
+        expected_min_ = -value;
+        if(expected_max_ < expected_min_) {
+            expected_max_ = expected_min_;
+        }
+        allow_extra_args_ = true;
+        flag_like_ = false;
+    } else if(value == detail::expected_max_vector_size) {
+        expected_min_ = 1;
+        expected_max_ = detail::expected_max_vector_size;
+        allow_extra_args_ = true;
+        flag_like_ = false;
+    } else {
+        expected_min_ = value;
+        expected_max_ = value;
+        flag_like_ = (expected_min_ == 0);
+    }
+    return this;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE Option *Option::expected(int value_min, int value_max) {
+    if(value_min < 0) {
+        value_min = -value_min;
+    }
+
+    if(value_max < 0) {
+        value_max = detail::expected_max_vector_size;
+    }
+    if(value_max < value_min) {
+        expected_min_ = value_max;
+        expected_max_ = value_min;
+    } else {
+        expected_max_ = value_max;
+        expected_min_ = value_min;
+    }
+
+    return this;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE Option *Option::check(Validator validator, const std::string &validator_name) {
+    validator.non_modifying();
+    validators_.push_back(std::move(validator));
+    if(!validator_name.empty())
+        validators_.back().name(validator_name);
+    return this;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE Option *Option::check(std::function<std::string(const std::string &)> Validator,
+                                   std::string Validator_description,
+                                   std::string Validator_name) {
+    validators_.emplace_back(Validator, std::move(Validator_description), std::move(Validator_name));
+    validators_.back().non_modifying();
+    return this;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE Option *Option::transform(Validator Validator, const std::string &Validator_name) {
+    validators_.insert(validators_.begin(), std::move(Validator));
+    if(!Validator_name.empty())
+        validators_.front().name(Validator_name);
+    return this;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE Option *Option::transform(const std::function<std::string(std::string)> &func,
+                                       std::string transform_description,
+                                       std::string transform_name) {
+    validators_.insert(validators_.begin(),
+                       Validator(
+                           [func](std::string &val) {
+                               val = func(val);
+                               return std::string{};
+                           },
+                           std::move(transform_description),
+                           std::move(transform_name)));
+
+    return this;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE Option *Option::each(const std::function<void(std::string)> &func) {
+    validators_.emplace_back(
+        [func](std::string &inout) {
+            func(inout);
+            return std::string{};
+        },
+        std::string{});
+    return this;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE Validator *Option::get_validator(const std::string &Validator_name) {
+    for(auto &Validator : validators_) {
+        if(Validator_name == Validator.get_name()) {
+            return &Validator;
+        }
+    }
+    if((Validator_name.empty()) && (!validators_.empty())) {
+        return &(validators_.front());
+    }
+    throw OptionNotFound(std::string{"Validator "} + Validator_name + " Not Found");
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE Validator *Option::get_validator(int index) {
+    // This is an signed int so that it is not equivalent to a pointer.
+    if(index >= 0 && index < static_cast<int>(validators_.size())) {
+        return &(validators_[static_cast<decltype(validators_)::size_type>(index)]);
+    }
+    throw OptionNotFound("Validator index is not valid");
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE bool Option::remove_needs(Option *opt) {
+    auto iterator = std::find(std::begin(needs_), std::end(needs_), opt);
+
+    if(iterator == std::end(needs_)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    needs_.erase(iterator);
+    return true;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE Option *Option::excludes(Option *opt) {
+    if(opt == this) {
+        throw(IncorrectConstruction("and option cannot exclude itself"));
+    }
+    excludes_.insert(opt);
+
+    // Help text should be symmetric - excluding a should exclude b
+    opt->excludes_.insert(this);
+
+    // Ignoring the insert return value, excluding twice is now allowed.
+    // (Mostly to allow both directions to be excluded by user, even though the library does it for you.)
+
+    return this;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE bool Option::remove_excludes(Option *opt) {
+    auto iterator = std::find(std::begin(excludes_), std::end(excludes_), opt);
+
+    if(iterator == std::end(excludes_)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    excludes_.erase(iterator);
+    return true;
+}
+
+template <typename T> Option *Option::ignore_case(bool value) {
+    if(!ignore_case_ && value) {
+        ignore_case_ = value;
+        auto *parent = static_cast<T *>(parent_);
+        for(const Option_p &opt : parent->options_) {
+            if(opt.get() == this) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            const auto &omatch = opt->matching_name(*this);
+            if(!omatch.empty()) {
+                ignore_case_ = false;
+                throw OptionAlreadyAdded("adding ignore case caused a name conflict with " + omatch);
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        ignore_case_ = value;
+    }
+    return this;
+}
+
+template <typename T> Option *Option::ignore_underscore(bool value) {
+
+    if(!ignore_underscore_ && value) {
+        ignore_underscore_ = value;
+        auto *parent = static_cast<T *>(parent_);
+        for(const Option_p &opt : parent->options_) {
+            if(opt.get() == this) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            const auto &omatch = opt->matching_name(*this);
+            if(!omatch.empty()) {
+                ignore_underscore_ = false;
+                throw OptionAlreadyAdded("adding ignore underscore caused a name conflict with " + omatch);
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        ignore_underscore_ = value;
+    }
+    return this;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE Option *Option::multi_option_policy(MultiOptionPolicy value) {
+    if(value != multi_option_policy_) {
+        if(multi_option_policy_ == MultiOptionPolicy::Throw && expected_max_ == detail::expected_max_vector_size &&
+           expected_min_ > 1) {  // this bizarre condition is to maintain backwards compatibility
+                                 // with the previous behavior of expected_ with vectors
+            expected_max_ = expected_min_;
+        }
+        multi_option_policy_ = value;
+        current_option_state_ = option_state::parsing;
+    }
+    return this;
+}
+
+CLI11_NODISCARD CLI11_INLINE std::string Option::get_name(bool positional, bool all_options) const {
+    if(get_group().empty())
+        return {};  // Hidden
+
+    if(all_options) {
+
+        std::vector<std::string> name_list;
+
+        /// The all list will never include a positional unless asked or that's the only name.
+        if((positional && (!pname_.empty())) || (snames_.empty() && lnames_.empty())) {
+            name_list.push_back(pname_);
+        }
+        if((get_items_expected() == 0) && (!fnames_.empty())) {
+            for(const std::string &sname : snames_) {
+                name_list.push_back("-" + sname);
+                if(check_fname(sname)) {
+                    name_list.back() += "{" + get_flag_value(sname, "") + "}";
+                }
+            }
+
+            for(const std::string &lname : lnames_) {
+                name_list.push_back("--" + lname);
+                if(check_fname(lname)) {
+                    name_list.back() += "{" + get_flag_value(lname, "") + "}";
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            for(const std::string &sname : snames_)
+                name_list.push_back("-" + sname);
+
+            for(const std::string &lname : lnames_)
+                name_list.push_back("--" + lname);
+        }
+
+        return detail::join(name_list);
+    }
+
+    // This returns the positional name no matter what
+    if(positional)
+        return pname_;
+
+    // Prefer long name
+    if(!lnames_.empty())
+        return std::string(2, '-') + lnames_[0];
+
+    // Or short name if no long name
+    if(!snames_.empty())
+        return std::string(1, '-') + snames_[0];
+
+    // If positional is the only name, it's okay to use that
+    return pname_;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE void Option::run_callback() {
+    if(force_callback_ && results_.empty()) {
+        add_result(default_str_);
+    }
+    if(current_option_state_ == option_state::parsing) {
+        _validate_results(results_);
+        current_option_state_ = option_state::validated;
+    }
+
+    if(current_option_state_ < option_state::reduced) {
+        _reduce_results(proc_results_, results_);
+        current_option_state_ = option_state::reduced;
+    }
+    if(current_option_state_ >= option_state::reduced) {
+        current_option_state_ = option_state::callback_run;
+        if(!(callback_)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        const results_t &send_results = proc_results_.empty() ? results_ : proc_results_;
+        bool local_result = callback_(send_results);
+
+        if(!local_result)
+            throw ConversionError(get_name(), results_);
+    }
+}
+
+CLI11_NODISCARD CLI11_INLINE const std::string &Option::matching_name(const Option &other) const {
+    static const std::string estring;
+    for(const std::string &sname : snames_)
+        if(other.check_sname(sname))
+            return sname;
+    for(const std::string &lname : lnames_)
+        if(other.check_lname(lname))
+            return lname;
+
+    if(ignore_case_ ||
+       ignore_underscore_) {  // We need to do the inverse, in case we are ignore_case or ignore underscore
+        for(const std::string &sname : other.snames_)
+            if(check_sname(sname))
+                return sname;
+        for(const std::string &lname : other.lnames_)
+            if(check_lname(lname))
+                return lname;
+    }
+    return estring;
+}
+
+CLI11_NODISCARD CLI11_INLINE bool Option::check_name(const std::string &name) const {
+
+    if(name.length() > 2 && name[0] == '-' && name[1] == '-')
+        return check_lname(name.substr(2));
+    if(name.length() > 1 && name.front() == '-')
+        return check_sname(name.substr(1));
+    if(!pname_.empty()) {
+        std::string local_pname = pname_;
+        std::string local_name = name;
+        if(ignore_underscore_) {
+            local_pname = detail::remove_underscore(local_pname);
+            local_name = detail::remove_underscore(local_name);
+        }
+        if(ignore_case_) {
+            local_pname = detail::to_lower(local_pname);
+            local_name = detail::to_lower(local_name);
+        }
+        if(local_name == local_pname) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(!envname_.empty()) {
+        // this needs to be the original since envname_ shouldn't match on case insensitivity
+        return (name == envname_);
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+CLI11_NODISCARD CLI11_INLINE std::string Option::get_flag_value(const std::string &name,
+                                                                std::string input_value) const {
+    static const std::string trueString{"true"};
+    static const std::string falseString{"false"};
+    static const std::string emptyString{"{}"};
+    // check for disable flag override_
+    if(disable_flag_override_) {
+        if(!((input_value.empty()) || (input_value == emptyString))) {
+            auto default_ind = detail::find_member(name, fnames_, ignore_case_, ignore_underscore_);
+            if(default_ind >= 0) {
+                // We can static cast this to std::size_t because it is more than 0 in this block
+                if(default_flag_values_[static_cast<std::size_t>(default_ind)].second != input_value) {
+                    throw(ArgumentMismatch::FlagOverride(name));
+                }
+            } else {
+                if(input_value != trueString) {
+                    throw(ArgumentMismatch::FlagOverride(name));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    auto ind = detail::find_member(name, fnames_, ignore_case_, ignore_underscore_);
+    if((input_value.empty()) || (input_value == emptyString)) {
+        if(flag_like_) {
+            return (ind < 0) ? trueString : default_flag_values_[static_cast<std::size_t>(ind)].second;
+        }
+        return (ind < 0) ? default_str_ : default_flag_values_[static_cast<std::size_t>(ind)].second;
+    }
+    if(ind < 0) {
+        return input_value;
+    }
+    if(default_flag_values_[static_cast<std::size_t>(ind)].second == falseString) {
+        try {
+            auto val = detail::to_flag_value(input_value);
+            return (val == 1) ? falseString : (val == (-1) ? trueString : std::to_string(-val));
+        } catch(const std::invalid_argument &) {
+            return input_value;
+        }
+    } else {
+        return input_value;
+    }
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE Option *Option::add_result(std::string s) {
+    _add_result(std::move(s), results_);
+    current_option_state_ = option_state::parsing;
+    return this;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE Option *Option::add_result(std::string s, int &results_added) {
+    results_added = _add_result(std::move(s), results_);
+    current_option_state_ = option_state::parsing;
+    return this;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE Option *Option::add_result(std::vector<std::string> s) {
+    current_option_state_ = option_state::parsing;
+    for(auto &str : s) {
+        _add_result(std::move(str), results_);
+    }
+    return this;
+}
+
+CLI11_NODISCARD CLI11_INLINE results_t Option::reduced_results() const {
+    results_t res = proc_results_.empty() ? results_ : proc_results_;
+    if(current_option_state_ < option_state::reduced) {
+        if(current_option_state_ == option_state::parsing) {
+            res = results_;
+            _validate_results(res);
+        }
+        if(!res.empty()) {
+            results_t extra;
+            _reduce_results(extra, res);
+            if(!extra.empty()) {
+                res = std::move(extra);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return res;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE Option *Option::type_size(int option_type_size) {
+    if(option_type_size < 0) {
+        // this section is included for backwards compatibility
+        type_size_max_ = -option_type_size;
+        type_size_min_ = -option_type_size;
+        expected_max_ = detail::expected_max_vector_size;
+    } else {
+        type_size_max_ = option_type_size;
+        if(type_size_max_ < detail::expected_max_vector_size) {
+            type_size_min_ = option_type_size;
+        } else {
+            inject_separator_ = true;
+        }
+        if(type_size_max_ == 0)
+            required_ = false;
+    }
+    return this;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE Option *Option::type_size(int option_type_size_min, int option_type_size_max) {
+    if(option_type_size_min < 0 || option_type_size_max < 0) {
+        // this section is included for backwards compatibility
+        expected_max_ = detail::expected_max_vector_size;
+        option_type_size_min = (std::abs)(option_type_size_min);
+        option_type_size_max = (std::abs)(option_type_size_max);
+    }
+
+    if(option_type_size_min > option_type_size_max) {
+        type_size_max_ = option_type_size_min;
+        type_size_min_ = option_type_size_max;
+    } else {
+        type_size_min_ = option_type_size_min;
+        type_size_max_ = option_type_size_max;
+    }
+    if(type_size_max_ == 0) {
+        required_ = false;
+    }
+    if(type_size_max_ >= detail::expected_max_vector_size) {
+        inject_separator_ = true;
+    }
+    return this;
+}
+
+CLI11_NODISCARD CLI11_INLINE std::string Option::get_type_name() const {
+    std::string full_type_name = type_name_();
+    if(!validators_.empty()) {
+        for(const auto &Validator : validators_) {
+            std::string vtype = Validator.get_description();
+            if(!vtype.empty()) {
+                full_type_name += ":" + vtype;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return full_type_name;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE void Option::_validate_results(results_t &res) const {
+    // Run the Validators (can change the string)
+    if(!validators_.empty()) {
+        if(type_size_max_ > 1) {  // in this context index refers to the index in the type
+            int index = 0;
+            if(get_items_expected_max() < static_cast<int>(res.size()) &&
+               multi_option_policy_ == CLI::MultiOptionPolicy::TakeLast) {
+                // create a negative index for the earliest ones
+                index = get_items_expected_max() - static_cast<int>(res.size());
+            }
+
+            for(std::string &result : res) {
+                if(detail::is_separator(result) && type_size_max_ != type_size_min_ && index >= 0) {
+                    index = 0;  // reset index for variable size chunks
+                    continue;
+                }
+                auto err_msg = _validate(result, (index >= 0) ? (index % type_size_max_) : index);
+                if(!err_msg.empty())
+                    throw ValidationError(get_name(), err_msg);
+                ++index;
+            }
+        } else {
+            int index = 0;
+            if(expected_max_ < static_cast<int>(res.size()) &&
+               multi_option_policy_ == CLI::MultiOptionPolicy::TakeLast) {
+                // create a negative index for the earliest ones
+                index = expected_max_ - static_cast<int>(res.size());
+            }
+            for(std::string &result : res) {
+                auto err_msg = _validate(result, index);
+                ++index;
+                if(!err_msg.empty())
+                    throw ValidationError(get_name(), err_msg);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE void Option::_reduce_results(results_t &out, const results_t &original) const {
+
+    // max num items expected or length of vector, always at least 1
+    // Only valid for a trimming policy
+
+    out.clear();
+    // Operation depends on the policy setting
+    switch(multi_option_policy_) {
+    case MultiOptionPolicy::TakeAll:
+        break;
+    case MultiOptionPolicy::TakeLast: {
+        // Allow multi-option sizes (including 0)
+        std::size_t trim_size = std::min<std::size_t>(
+            static_cast<std::size_t>(std::max<int>(get_items_expected_max(), 1)), original.size());
+        if(original.size() != trim_size) {
+            out.assign(original.end() - static_cast<results_t::difference_type>(trim_size), original.end());
+        }
+    } break;
+    case MultiOptionPolicy::TakeFirst: {
+        std::size_t trim_size = std::min<std::size_t>(
+            static_cast<std::size_t>(std::max<int>(get_items_expected_max(), 1)), original.size());
+        if(original.size() != trim_size) {
+            out.assign(original.begin(), original.begin() + static_cast<results_t::difference_type>(trim_size));
+        }
+    } break;
+    case MultiOptionPolicy::Join:
+        if(results_.size() > 1) {
+            out.push_back(detail::join(original, std::string(1, (delimiter_ == '\0') ? '\n' : delimiter_)));
+        }
+        break;
+    case MultiOptionPolicy::Sum:
+        out.push_back(detail::sum_string_vector(original));
+        break;
+    case MultiOptionPolicy::Throw:
+    default: {
+        auto num_min = static_cast<std::size_t>(get_items_expected_min());
+        auto num_max = static_cast<std::size_t>(get_items_expected_max());
+        if(num_min == 0) {
+            num_min = 1;
+        }
+        if(num_max == 0) {
+            num_max = 1;
+        }
+        if(original.size() < num_min) {
+            throw ArgumentMismatch::AtLeast(get_name(), static_cast<int>(num_min), original.size());
+        }
+        if(original.size() > num_max) {
+            throw ArgumentMismatch::AtMost(get_name(), static_cast<int>(num_max), original.size());
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    }
+    // this check is to allow an empty vector in certain circumstances but not if expected is not zero.
+    // {} is the indicator for an empty container
+    if(out.empty()) {
+        if(original.size() == 1 && original[0] == "{}" && get_items_expected_min() > 0) {
+            out.push_back("{}");
+            out.push_back("%%");
+        }
+    } else if(out.size() == 1 && out[0] == "{}" && get_items_expected_min() > 0) {
+        out.push_back("%%");
+    }
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::string Option::_validate(std::string &result, int index) const {
+    std::string err_msg;
+    if(result.empty() && expected_min_ == 0) {
+        // an empty with nothing expected is allowed
+        return err_msg;
+    }
+    for(const auto &vali : validators_) {
+        auto v = vali.get_application_index();
+        if(v == -1 || v == index) {
+            try {
+                err_msg = vali(result);
+            } catch(const ValidationError &err) {
+                err_msg = err.what();
+            }
+            if(!err_msg.empty())
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return err_msg;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE int Option::_add_result(std::string &&result, std::vector<std::string> &res) const {
+    int result_count = 0;
+    if(allow_extra_args_ && !result.empty() && result.front() == '[' &&
+       result.back() == ']') {  // this is now a vector string likely from the default or user entry
+        result.pop_back();
+
+        for(auto &var : CLI::detail::split(result.substr(1), ',')) {
+            if(!var.empty()) {
+                result_count += _add_result(std::move(var), res);
+            }
+        }
+        return result_count;
+    }
+    if(delimiter_ == '\0') {
+        res.push_back(std::move(result));
+        ++result_count;
+    } else {
+        if((result.find_first_of(delimiter_) != std::string::npos)) {
+            for(const auto &var : CLI::detail::split(result, delimiter_)) {
+                if(!var.empty()) {
+                    res.push_back(var);
+                    ++result_count;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            res.push_back(std::move(result));
+            ++result_count;
+        }
+    }
+    return result_count;
+}
+// [CLI11:option_inl_hpp:end]
+}  // namespace CLI

libs/cli11/include/CLI/impl/Split_inl.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017-2022, University of Cincinnati, developed by Henry Schreiner
+// under NSF AWARD 1414736 and by the respective contributors.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+#pragma once
+
+// This include is only needed for IDEs to discover symbols
+#include <CLI/Split.hpp>
+
+// [CLI11:public_includes:set]
+#include <string>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+// [CLI11:public_includes:end]
+
+#include <CLI/Error.hpp>
+#include <CLI/StringTools.hpp>
+
+namespace CLI {
+// [CLI11:split_inl_hpp:verbatim]
+
+namespace detail {
+
+CLI11_INLINE bool split_short(const std::string &current, std::string &name, std::string &rest) {
+    if(current.size() > 1 && current[0] == '-' && valid_first_char(current[1])) {
+        name = current.substr(1, 1);
+        rest = current.substr(2);
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE bool split_long(const std::string &current, std::string &name, std::string &value) {
+    if(current.size() > 2 && current.substr(0, 2) == "--" && valid_first_char(current[2])) {
+        auto loc = current.find_first_of('=');
+        if(loc != std::string::npos) {
+            name = current.substr(2, loc - 2);
+            value = current.substr(loc + 1);
+        } else {
+            name = current.substr(2);
+            value = "";
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE bool split_windows_style(const std::string &current, std::string &name, std::string &value) {
+    if(current.size() > 1 && current[0] == '/' && valid_first_char(current[1])) {
+        auto loc = current.find_first_of(':');
+        if(loc != std::string::npos) {
+            name = current.substr(1, loc - 1);
+            value = current.substr(loc + 1);
+        } else {
+            name = current.substr(1);
+            value = "";
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::vector<std::string> split_names(std::string current) {
+    std::vector<std::string> output;
+    std::size_t val = 0;
+    while((val = current.find(',')) != std::string::npos) {
+        output.push_back(trim_copy(current.substr(0, val)));
+        current = current.substr(val + 1);
+    }
+    output.push_back(trim_copy(current));
+    return output;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> get_default_flag_values(const std::string &str) {
+    std::vector<std::string> flags = split_names(str);
+    flags.erase(std::remove_if(flags.begin(),
+                               flags.end(),
+                               [](const std::string &name) {
+                                   return ((name.empty()) || (!(((name.find_first_of('{') != std::string::npos) &&
+                                                                 (name.back() == '}')) ||
+                                                                (name[0] == '!'))));
+                               }),
+                flags.end());
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> output;
+    output.reserve(flags.size());
+    for(auto &flag : flags) {
+        auto def_start = flag.find_first_of('{');
+        std::string defval = "false";
+        if((def_start != std::string::npos) && (flag.back() == '}')) {
+            defval = flag.substr(def_start + 1);
+            defval.pop_back();
+            flag.erase(def_start, std::string::npos);  // NOLINT(readability-suspicious-call-argument)
+        }
+        flag.erase(0, flag.find_first_not_of("-!"));
+        output.emplace_back(flag, defval);
+    }
+    return output;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::tuple<std::vector<std::string>, std::vector<std::string>, std::string>
+get_names(const std::vector<std::string> &input) {
+
+    std::vector<std::string> short_names;
+    std::vector<std::string> long_names;
+    std::string pos_name;
+
+    for(std::string name : input) {
+        if(name.length() == 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if(name.length() > 1 && name[0] == '-' && name[1] != '-') {
+            if(name.length() == 2 && valid_first_char(name[1]))
+                short_names.emplace_back(1, name[1]);
+            else
+                throw BadNameString::OneCharName(name);
+        } else if(name.length() > 2 && name.substr(0, 2) == "--") {
+            name = name.substr(2);
+            if(valid_name_string(name))
+                long_names.push_back(name);
+            else
+                throw BadNameString::BadLongName(name);
+        } else if(name == "-" || name == "--") {
+            throw BadNameString::DashesOnly(name);
+        } else {
+            if(pos_name.length() > 0)
+                throw BadNameString::MultiPositionalNames(name);
+            pos_name = name;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return std::make_tuple(short_names, long_names, pos_name);
+}
+
+}  // namespace detail
+// [CLI11:split_inl_hpp:end]
+}  // namespace CLI

libs/cli11/include/CLI/impl/StringTools_inl.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017-2022, University of Cincinnati, developed by Henry Schreiner
+// under NSF AWARD 1414736 and by the respective contributors.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+#pragma once
+
+// This include is only needed for IDEs to discover symbols
+#include <CLI/StringTools.hpp>
+
+// [CLI11:public_includes:set]
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+// [CLI11:public_includes:end]
+
+namespace CLI {
+// [CLI11:string_tools_inl_hpp:verbatim]
+
+namespace detail {
+CLI11_INLINE std::vector<std::string> split(const std::string &s, char delim) {
+    std::vector<std::string> elems;
+    // Check to see if empty string, give consistent result
+    if(s.empty()) {
+        elems.emplace_back();
+    } else {
+        std::stringstream ss;
+        ss.str(s);
+        std::string item;
+        while(std::getline(ss, item, delim)) {
+            elems.push_back(item);
+        }
+    }
+    return elems;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::string &ltrim(std::string &str) {
+    auto it = std::find_if(str.begin(), str.end(), [](char ch) { return !std::isspace<char>(ch, std::locale()); });
+    str.erase(str.begin(), it);
+    return str;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::string &ltrim(std::string &str, const std::string &filter) {
+    auto it = std::find_if(str.begin(), str.end(), [&filter](char ch) { return filter.find(ch) == std::string::npos; });
+    str.erase(str.begin(), it);
+    return str;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::string &rtrim(std::string &str) {
+    auto it = std::find_if(str.rbegin(), str.rend(), [](char ch) { return !std::isspace<char>(ch, std::locale()); });
+    str.erase(it.base(), str.end());
+    return str;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::string &rtrim(std::string &str, const std::string &filter) {
+    auto it =
+        std::find_if(str.rbegin(), str.rend(), [&filter](char ch) { return filter.find(ch) == std::string::npos; });
+    str.erase(it.base(), str.end());
+    return str;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::string &remove_quotes(std::string &str) {
+    if(str.length() > 1 && (str.front() == '"' || str.front() == '\'')) {
+        if(str.front() == str.back()) {
+            str.pop_back();
+            str.erase(str.begin(), str.begin() + 1);
+        }
+    }
+    return str;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::string fix_newlines(const std::string &leader, std::string input) {
+    std::string::size_type n = 0;
+    while(n != std::string::npos && n < input.size()) {
+        n = input.find('\n', n);
+        if(n != std::string::npos) {
+            input = input.substr(0, n + 1) + leader + input.substr(n + 1);
+            n += leader.size();
+        }
+    }
+    return input;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::ostream &
+format_help(std::ostream &out, std::string name, const std::string &description, std::size_t wid) {
+    name = "  " + name;
+    out << std::setw(static_cast<int>(wid)) << std::left << name;
+    if(!description.empty()) {
+        if(name.length() >= wid)
+            out << "\n" << std::setw(static_cast<int>(wid)) << "";
+        for(const char c : description) {
+            out.put(c);
+            if(c == '\n') {
+                out << std::setw(static_cast<int>(wid)) << "";
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    out << "\n";
+    return out;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::ostream &format_aliases(std::ostream &out, const std::vector<std::string> &aliases, std::size_t wid) {
+    if(!aliases.empty()) {
+        out << std::setw(static_cast<int>(wid)) << "     aliases: ";
+        bool front = true;
+        for(const auto &alias : aliases) {
+            if(!front) {
+                out << ", ";
+            } else {
+                front = false;
+            }
+            out << detail::fix_newlines("              ", alias);
+        }
+        out << "\n";
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE bool valid_name_string(const std::string &str) {
+    if(str.empty() || !valid_first_char(str[0])) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    auto e = str.end();
+    for(auto c = str.begin() + 1; c != e; ++c)
+        if(!valid_later_char(*c))
+            return false;
+    return true;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::string find_and_replace(std::string str, std::string from, std::string to) {
+
+    std::size_t start_pos = 0;
+
+    while((start_pos = str.find(from, start_pos)) != std::string::npos) {
+        str.replace(start_pos, from.length(), to);
+        start_pos += to.length();
+    }
+
+    return str;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE void remove_default_flag_values(std::string &flags) {
+    auto loc = flags.find_first_of('{', 2);
+    while(loc != std::string::npos) {
+        auto finish = flags.find_first_of("},", loc + 1);
+        if((finish != std::string::npos) && (flags[finish] == '}')) {
+            flags.erase(flags.begin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(loc),
+                        flags.begin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(finish) + 1);
+        }
+        loc = flags.find_first_of('{', loc + 1);
+    }
+    flags.erase(std::remove(flags.begin(), flags.end(), '!'), flags.end());
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::ptrdiff_t
+find_member(std::string name, const std::vector<std::string> names, bool ignore_case, bool ignore_underscore) {
+    auto it = std::end(names);
+    if(ignore_case) {
+        if(ignore_underscore) {
+            name = detail::to_lower(detail::remove_underscore(name));
+            it = std::find_if(std::begin(names), std::end(names), [&name](std::string local_name) {
+                return detail::to_lower(detail::remove_underscore(local_name)) == name;
+            });
+        } else {
+            name = detail::to_lower(name);
+            it = std::find_if(std::begin(names), std::end(names), [&name](std::string local_name) {
+                return detail::to_lower(local_name) == name;
+            });
+        }
+
+    } else if(ignore_underscore) {
+        name = detail::remove_underscore(name);
+        it = std::find_if(std::begin(names), std::end(names), [&name](std::string local_name) {
+            return detail::remove_underscore(local_name) == name;
+        });
+    } else {
+        it = std::find(std::begin(names), std::end(names), name);
+    }
+
+    return (it != std::end(names)) ? (it - std::begin(names)) : (-1);
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::vector<std::string> split_up(std::string str, char delimiter) {
+
+    const std::string delims("\'\"`");
+    auto find_ws = [delimiter](char ch) {
+        return (delimiter == '\0') ? std::isspace<char>(ch, std::locale()) : (ch == delimiter);
+    };
+    trim(str);
+
+    std::vector<std::string> output;
+    bool embeddedQuote = false;
+    char keyChar = ' ';
+    while(!str.empty()) {
+        if(delims.find_first_of(str[0]) != std::string::npos) {
+            keyChar = str[0];
+            auto end = str.find_first_of(keyChar, 1);
+            while((end != std::string::npos) && (str[end - 1] == '\\')) {  // deal with escaped quotes
+                end = str.find_first_of(keyChar, end + 1);
+                embeddedQuote = true;
+            }
+            if(end != std::string::npos) {
+                output.push_back(str.substr(1, end - 1));
+                if(end + 2 < str.size()) {
+                    str = str.substr(end + 2);
+                } else {
+                    str.clear();
+                }
+
+            } else {
+                output.push_back(str.substr(1));
+                str = "";
+            }
+        } else {
+            auto it = std::find_if(std::begin(str), std::end(str), find_ws);
+            if(it != std::end(str)) {
+                std::string value = std::string(str.begin(), it);
+                output.push_back(value);
+                str = std::string(it + 1, str.end());
+            } else {
+                output.push_back(str);
+                str = "";
+            }
+        }
+        // transform any embedded quotes into the regular character
+        if(embeddedQuote) {
+            output.back() = find_and_replace(output.back(), std::string("\\") + keyChar, std::string(1, keyChar));
+            embeddedQuote = false;
+        }
+        trim(str);
+    }
+    return output;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::size_t escape_detect(std::string &str, std::size_t offset) {
+    auto next = str[offset + 1];
+    if((next == '\"') || (next == '\'') || (next == '`')) {
+        auto astart = str.find_last_of("-/ \"\'`", offset - 1);
+        if(astart != std::string::npos) {
+            if(str[astart] == ((str[offset] == '=') ? '-' : '/'))
+                str[offset] = ' ';  // interpret this as a space so the split_up works properly
+        }
+    }
+    return offset + 1;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::string &add_quotes_if_needed(std::string &str) {
+    if((str.front() != '"' && str.front() != '\'') || str.front() != str.back()) {
+        char quote = str.find('"') < str.find('\'') ? '\'' : '"';
+        if(str.find(' ') != std::string::npos) {
+            str.insert(0, 1, quote);
+            str.append(1, quote);
+        }
+    }
+    return str;
+}
+
+}  // namespace detail
+// [CLI11:string_tools_inl_hpp:end]
+}  // namespace CLI

libs/cli11/include/CLI/impl/Validators_inl.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017-2022, University of Cincinnati, developed by Henry Schreiner
+// under NSF AWARD 1414736 and by the respective contributors.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <CLI/Validators.hpp>
+
+#include <CLI/Macros.hpp>
+#include <CLI/StringTools.hpp>
+#include <CLI/TypeTools.hpp>
+
+// [CLI11:public_includes:set]
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+// [CLI11:public_includes:end]
+
+namespace CLI {
+// [CLI11:validators_inl_hpp:verbatim]
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::string Validator::operator()(std::string &str) const {
+    std::string retstring;
+    if(active_) {
+        if(non_modifying_) {
+            std::string value = str;
+            retstring = func_(value);
+        } else {
+            retstring = func_(str);
+        }
+    }
+    return retstring;
+}
+
+CLI11_NODISCARD CLI11_INLINE Validator Validator::description(std::string validator_desc) const {
+    Validator newval(*this);
+    newval.desc_function_ = [validator_desc]() { return validator_desc; };
+    return newval;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE Validator Validator::operator&(const Validator &other) const {
+    Validator newval;
+
+    newval._merge_description(*this, other, " AND ");
+
+    // Give references (will make a copy in lambda function)
+    const std::function<std::string(std::string & filename)> &f1 = func_;
+    const std::function<std::string(std::string & filename)> &f2 = other.func_;
+
+    newval.func_ = [f1, f2](std::string &input) {
+        std::string s1 = f1(input);
+        std::string s2 = f2(input);
+        if(!s1.empty() && !s2.empty())
+            return std::string("(") + s1 + ") AND (" + s2 + ")";
+        return s1 + s2;
+    };
+
+    newval.active_ = active_ && other.active_;
+    newval.application_index_ = application_index_;
+    return newval;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE Validator Validator::operator|(const Validator &other) const {
+    Validator newval;
+
+    newval._merge_description(*this, other, " OR ");
+
+    // Give references (will make a copy in lambda function)
+    const std::function<std::string(std::string &)> &f1 = func_;
+    const std::function<std::string(std::string &)> &f2 = other.func_;
+
+    newval.func_ = [f1, f2](std::string &input) {
+        std::string s1 = f1(input);
+        std::string s2 = f2(input);
+        if(s1.empty() || s2.empty())
+            return std::string();
+
+        return std::string("(") + s1 + ") OR (" + s2 + ")";
+    };
+    newval.active_ = active_ && other.active_;
+    newval.application_index_ = application_index_;
+    return newval;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE Validator Validator::operator!() const {
+    Validator newval;
+    const std::function<std::string()> &dfunc1 = desc_function_;
+    newval.desc_function_ = [dfunc1]() {
+        auto str = dfunc1();
+        return (!str.empty()) ? std::string("NOT ") + str : std::string{};
+    };
+    // Give references (will make a copy in lambda function)
+    const std::function<std::string(std::string & res)> &f1 = func_;
+
+    newval.func_ = [f1, dfunc1](std::string &test) -> std::string {
+        std::string s1 = f1(test);
+        if(s1.empty()) {
+            return std::string("check ") + dfunc1() + " succeeded improperly";
+        }
+        return std::string{};
+    };
+    newval.active_ = active_;
+    newval.application_index_ = application_index_;
+    return newval;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE void
+Validator::_merge_description(const Validator &val1, const Validator &val2, const std::string &merger) {
+
+    const std::function<std::string()> &dfunc1 = val1.desc_function_;
+    const std::function<std::string()> &dfunc2 = val2.desc_function_;
+
+    desc_function_ = [=]() {
+        std::string f1 = dfunc1();
+        std::string f2 = dfunc2();
+        if((f1.empty()) || (f2.empty())) {
+            return f1 + f2;
+        }
+        return std::string(1, '(') + f1 + ')' + merger + '(' + f2 + ')';
+    };
+}
+
+namespace detail {
+
+#if defined CLI11_HAS_FILESYSTEM && CLI11_HAS_FILESYSTEM > 0
+CLI11_INLINE path_type check_path(const char *file) noexcept {
+    std::error_code ec;
+    auto stat = std::filesystem::status(file, ec);
+    if(ec) {
+        return path_type::nonexistent;
+    }
+    switch(stat.type()) {
+    case std::filesystem::file_type::none:
+    case std::filesystem::file_type::not_found:
+        return path_type::nonexistent;
+    case std::filesystem::file_type::directory:
+        return path_type::directory;
+    case std::filesystem::file_type::symlink:
+    case std::filesystem::file_type::block:
+    case std::filesystem::file_type::character:
+    case std::filesystem::file_type::fifo:
+    case std::filesystem::file_type::socket:
+    case std::filesystem::file_type::regular:
+    case std::filesystem::file_type::unknown:
+    default:
+        return path_type::file;
+    }
+}
+#else
+CLI11_INLINE path_type check_path(const char *file) noexcept {
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+    struct __stat64 buffer;
+    if(_stat64(file, &buffer) == 0) {
+        return ((buffer.st_mode & S_IFDIR) != 0) ? path_type::directory : path_type::file;
+    }
+#else
+    struct stat buffer;
+    if(stat(file, &buffer) == 0) {
+        return ((buffer.st_mode & S_IFDIR) != 0) ? path_type::directory : path_type::file;
+    }
+#endif
+    return path_type::nonexistent;
+}
+#endif
+
+CLI11_INLINE ExistingFileValidator::ExistingFileValidator() : Validator("FILE") {
+    func_ = [](std::string &filename) {
+        auto path_result = check_path(filename.c_str());
+        if(path_result == path_type::nonexistent) {
+            return "File does not exist: " + filename;
+        }
+        if(path_result == path_type::directory) {
+            return "File is actually a directory: " + filename;
+        }
+        return std::string();
+    };
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE ExistingDirectoryValidator::ExistingDirectoryValidator() : Validator("DIR") {
+    func_ = [](std::string &filename) {
+        auto path_result = check_path(filename.c_str());
+        if(path_result == path_type::nonexistent) {
+            return "Directory does not exist: " + filename;
+        }
+        if(path_result == path_type::file) {
+            return "Directory is actually a file: " + filename;
+        }
+        return std::string();
+    };
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE ExistingPathValidator::ExistingPathValidator() : Validator("PATH(existing)") {
+    func_ = [](std::string &filename) {
+        auto path_result = check_path(filename.c_str());
+        if(path_result == path_type::nonexistent) {
+            return "Path does not exist: " + filename;
+        }
+        return std::string();
+    };
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE NonexistentPathValidator::NonexistentPathValidator() : Validator("PATH(non-existing)") {
+    func_ = [](std::string &filename) {
+        auto path_result = check_path(filename.c_str());
+        if(path_result != path_type::nonexistent) {
+            return "Path already exists: " + filename;
+        }
+        return std::string();
+    };
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE IPV4Validator::IPV4Validator() : Validator("IPV4") {
+    func_ = [](std::string &ip_addr) {
+        auto result = CLI::detail::split(ip_addr, '.');
+        if(result.size() != 4) {
+            return std::string("Invalid IPV4 address must have four parts (") + ip_addr + ')';
+        }
+        int num = 0;
+        for(const auto &var : result) {
+            bool retval = detail::lexical_cast(var, num);
+            if(!retval) {
+                return std::string("Failed parsing number (") + var + ')';
+            }
+            if(num < 0 || num > 255) {
+                return std::string("Each IP number must be between 0 and 255 ") + var;
+            }
+        }
+        return std::string();
+    };
+}
+
+}  // namespace detail
+
+CLI11_INLINE FileOnDefaultPath::FileOnDefaultPath(std::string default_path, bool enableErrorReturn)
+    : Validator("FILE") {
+    func_ = [default_path, enableErrorReturn](std::string &filename) {
+        auto path_result = detail::check_path(filename.c_str());
+        if(path_result == detail::path_type::nonexistent) {
+            std::string test_file_path = default_path;
+            if(default_path.back() != '/' && default_path.back() != '\\') {
+                // Add folder separator
+                test_file_path += '/';
+            }
+            test_file_path.append(filename);
+            path_result = detail::check_path(test_file_path.c_str());
+            if(path_result == detail::path_type::file) {
+                filename = test_file_path;
+            } else {
+                if(enableErrorReturn) {
+                    return "File does not exist: " + filename;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return std::string{};
+    };
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE AsSizeValue::AsSizeValue(bool kb_is_1000) : AsNumberWithUnit(get_mapping(kb_is_1000)) {
+    if(kb_is_1000) {
+        description("SIZE [b, kb(=1000b), kib(=1024b), ...]");
+    } else {
+        description("SIZE [b, kb(=1024b), ...]");
+    }
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::map<std::string, AsSizeValue::result_t> AsSizeValue::init_mapping(bool kb_is_1000) {
+    std::map<std::string, result_t> m;
+    result_t k_factor = kb_is_1000 ? 1000 : 1024;
+    result_t ki_factor = 1024;
+    result_t k = 1;
+    result_t ki = 1;
+    m["b"] = 1;
+    for(std::string p : {"k", "m", "g", "t", "p", "e"}) {
+        k *= k_factor;
+        ki *= ki_factor;
+        m[p] = k;
+        m[p + "b"] = k;
+        m[p + "i"] = ki;
+        m[p + "ib"] = ki;
+    }
+    return m;
+}
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::map<std::string, AsSizeValue::result_t> AsSizeValue::get_mapping(bool kb_is_1000) {
+    if(kb_is_1000) {
+        static auto m = init_mapping(true);
+        return m;
+    }
+    static auto m = init_mapping(false);
+    return m;
+}
+
+namespace detail {
+
+CLI11_INLINE std::pair<std::string, std::string> split_program_name(std::string commandline) {
+    // try to determine the programName
+    std::pair<std::string, std::string> vals;
+    trim(commandline);
+    auto esp = commandline.find_first_of(' ', 1);
+    while(detail::check_path(commandline.substr(0, esp).c_str()) != path_type::file) {
+        esp = commandline.find_first_of(' ', esp + 1);
+        if(esp == std::string::npos) {
+            // if we have reached the end and haven't found a valid file just assume the first argument is the
+            // program name
+            if(commandline[0] == '"' || commandline[0] == '\'' || commandline[0] == '`') {
+                bool embeddedQuote = false;
+                auto keyChar = commandline[0];
+                auto end = commandline.find_first_of(keyChar, 1);
+                while((end != std::string::npos) && (commandline[end - 1] == '\\')) {  // deal with escaped quotes
+                    end = commandline.find_first_of(keyChar, end + 1);
+                    embeddedQuote = true;
+                }
+                if(end != std::string::npos) {
+                    vals.first = commandline.substr(1, end - 1);
+                    esp = end + 1;
+                    if(embeddedQuote) {
+                        vals.first = find_and_replace(vals.first, std::string("\\") + keyChar, std::string(1, keyChar));
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    esp = commandline.find_first_of(' ', 1);
+                }
+            } else {
+                esp = commandline.find_first_of(' ', 1);
+            }
+
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if(vals.first.empty()) {
+        vals.first = commandline.substr(0, esp);
+        rtrim(vals.first);
+    }
+
+    // strip the program name
+    vals.second = (esp < commandline.length() - 1) ? commandline.substr(esp + 1) : std::string{};
+    ltrim(vals.second);
+    return vals;
+}
+
+}  // namespace detail
+/// @}
+
+// [CLI11:validators_inl_hpp:end]
+}  // namespace CLI